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. 2020 Jul 15;2020(7):CD004945. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004945.pub5

Comparison 4. Labour induction versus expectant management (subgroup analysis by status of cervix).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
4.1 Perinatal death 22 18795 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.15, 0.64]
4.1.1 Favourable cervix 3 760 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.01, 7.45]
4.1.2 Unfavourable cervix 7 4938 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.29 [0.07, 1.17]
4.1.3 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 12 13097 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.13, 0.77]
4.2 Stillbirth 22 18795 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.30 [0.12, 0.75]
4.2.1 Favourable cervix 3 760 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.01, 7.45]
4.2.2 Unfavourable cervix 7 4938 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.27 [0.05, 1.66]
4.2.3 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 12 13097 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.10, 0.95]
4.3 Admission to neonatal intensive care unit 17 17826 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.80, 0.96]
4.3.1 Favourable cervix 2 475 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.02 [0.12, 73.52]
4.3.2 Unfavourable cervix 6 4529 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.77, 1.05]
4.3.3 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 9 12822 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.77, 0.97]
4.4 Caesarean section 31 21030 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.85, 0.95]
4.4.1 Favourable cervix 4 906 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.12 [0.76, 1.65]
4.4.2 Unfavourable cervix 10 5361 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.83, 1.01]
4.4.3 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 17 14763 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.82, 0.95]
4.5 Operative vaginal birth (forceps or ventouse) 22 18584 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.96, 1.10]
4.5.1 Favourable cervix 3 655 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.42, 1.82]
4.5.2 Unfavourable cervix 5 3799 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.95, 1.18]
4.5.3 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 14 14130 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.92, 1.11]
4.6 Perineal trauma 5 11589 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.85, 1.26]
4.6.1 Unknown/mixed state of cervix 5 11589 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.85, 1.26]