Cole 1975.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomly allocated, no further details available
Participants	Number of women randomised: 228 Setting: Glasgow, Scotland Study date: not reported Inclusion criteria Primigravidae aged 18‐30 years 1‐3 parity, aged 18‐35 years who had previous pregnancies without any obstetric abnormality Certain date of LMP Regular menstrual cycle Early examination which had shown the uterine size to be consistent with the period of amenorrhoea GA: 39‐40 weeks State of cervix: not reported
Interventions	Induction group (n = 111): IOL with AROM + oxytocin versus EM group (n = 117): no intervention until 41 weeks, thereafter IOL
Outcomes	Mother: length of labour; mode of birth (including operative versus non operative); analgesia requirements; postpartum blood loss Baby: perinatal deaths; meconium staining; Apgar scores; birthweight; neonatal jaundice
Notes	Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of sequence generation was not reported.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The method of allocation concealment was not reported.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding was not feasible.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinded outcome assessment was not mentioned.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	7/118 and 2/119 in the intervention and control groups excluded after randomisation because of misclassification as low risk
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No outcomes were prespecified in the methods; no access to trial protocol to further assess selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	Appeared to be free of other bias