Table 2.

Intra-rater reliability (ICC) and test-retest measurement stability (SEM and MDC)

	ICC value (95% confidence interval)	Standard error of measurement (SEM) (Degrees)	Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) (Degrees)
Horizontal adduction	0.883 (0.802–0.932)	3.7	10.2
Internal rotation in 90 degrees abduction	0.869 (0.753–0.928)	4.8	13.3
Low Flexion	0.857 (0.745–0.919)	3.5	9.7
• Two-way mixed effects model where people effects are random and measures effects are fixed. • Type A intraclass correlation coefficients using an absolute agreement definition. • The estimator is the same, whether the interaction effect is present or not. • Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) $=1.96\times \sqrt{2}\times \mathit{SEM}$ [36]