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. 2020 May 29;2020(5):CD012947. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012947.pub2

Baskaran 2007.

Study characteristics
Patient Sampling Cohort study, adult participants were recruited from glaucoma and general ophthalmology clinics. Consecutive participants were enrolled. Data from one eye were included in the analysis.
Patient characteristics and setting Sample size: 120 eyes (53 narrow angle and 67 open angle).
Age: mean (SD) 62.1 ± 11.3, range 30‐90 years.
Sex: 68 (56.7%) female.
Setting: secondary care.
Country: Singapore.
Ethnicity: 87 (72.5%) Chinese, 25 (20.8%) Indian, 8 Malay (6.7%).
Exclusions: participants with corneal disorders and uveitis were excluded in the control group. People with a history of laser or intraocular surgery were excluded in the narrow angle group.
Index tests LACD: determined at the temporal limbus and graded as categories: 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 40%, 75% and ≥ 100%. Cut‐off values analysed were 0%, ≤ 5%, ≤ 15%, ≤ 25% and ≤ 40%.
SPAC: SPAC categorical grades used for risk of angle closure. Thresholds used were S, P and the combination of S & P.
Target condition and reference standard(s) An occludable angle was defined as the presence of a Shaffer grade of up to 1 (10 degree iridotrabecular angle) for at least 180 degrees on gonioscopy with or without PAS.
Flow and timing There were no uninterpretable test results or exclusions reported. The index test and reference standard were conducted on the same occasion.
Comparative  
Notes Conflict of interest: Dr Kashiwagi has a Japanese patent on SPAC (Japanese patent application no: 2003‐111322).
Methodological quality
Item Authors' judgement Risk of bias Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? Yes    
Was a case‐control design avoided? Yes    
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? Yes    
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias?   Low risk  
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question?     Low concern
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (LACD)
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? Unclear    
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? Yes    
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias?   Unclear risk  
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question?     Unclear
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Scheimpflug photography)
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (AS‐OCT)
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (SPAC)
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? Yes    
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? Yes    
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias?   Low risk  
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question?     Unclear
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Flashlight)
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? Yes    
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? Unclear    
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias?   Unclear risk  
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question?     Low concern
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? Yes    
Were all patients included in the analysis? Yes    
Did all patients receive a reference standard Yes    
Could the patient flow have introduced bias?   Low risk