Baskaran 2007.
Study characteristics | |||
Patient Sampling | Cohort study, adult participants were recruited from glaucoma and general ophthalmology clinics. Consecutive participants were enrolled. Data from one eye were included in the analysis. | ||
Patient characteristics and setting | Sample size: 120 eyes (53 narrow angle and 67 open angle). Age: mean (SD) 62.1 ± 11.3, range 30‐90 years. Sex: 68 (56.7%) female. Setting: secondary care. Country: Singapore. Ethnicity: 87 (72.5%) Chinese, 25 (20.8%) Indian, 8 Malay (6.7%). Exclusions: participants with corneal disorders and uveitis were excluded in the control group. People with a history of laser or intraocular surgery were excluded in the narrow angle group. |
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Index tests |
LACD: determined at the temporal limbus and graded as categories: 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 40%, 75% and ≥ 100%. Cut‐off values analysed were 0%, ≤ 5%, ≤ 15%, ≤ 25% and ≤ 40%. SPAC: SPAC categorical grades used for risk of angle closure. Thresholds used were S, P and the combination of S & P. |
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Target condition and reference standard(s) | An occludable angle was defined as the presence of a Shaffer grade of up to 1 (10 degree iridotrabecular angle) for at least 180 degrees on gonioscopy with or without PAS. | ||
Flow and timing | There were no uninterpretable test results or exclusions reported. The index test and reference standard were conducted on the same occasion. | ||
Comparative | |||
Notes | Conflict of interest: Dr Kashiwagi has a Japanese patent on SPAC (Japanese patent application no: 2003‐111322). | ||
Methodological quality | |||
Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Yes | ||
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (LACD) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Unclear | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Scheimpflug photography) | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (AS‐OCT) | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (SPAC) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Yes | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Unclear | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Flashlight) | |||
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Yes | ||
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
Did all patients receive a reference standard | Yes | ||
Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk |