Baskaran 2012.
Study characteristics | |||
Patient Sampling | Cohort study. Participants above the age of 40 years were recruited from a glaucoma clinic. Data from one eye were included in the analysis. | ||
Patient characteristics and setting | Sample size: 98 eyes (39 narrow angle and 59 open angle). Age: mean (SD) 60.7 ± 12.6 years. Sex: 49 (50%) female. Setting: secondary care. Country: Singapore. Ethnicity: 69 (70%) Chinese. Exclusions: prior intraocular surgery or penetrating eye injury, corneal disorders such as corneal endothelial dystrophy, pterygium or corneal scars that may preclude satisfactory imaging or those on medications that act on the pupil. |
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Index tests | AS‐OCT: time domain, Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA. Three AS‐OCT images of each eye were obtained in dark conditions: one image scanning the angle at the nasal and temporal positions, one scanning the superior angle and one scanning the inferior angle. The cut‐off value was a closed angle in two or more quadrants, which was defined as subjective judgement of contact between the iris and angle wall anterior to the scleral spur. | ||
Target condition and reference standard(s) | The ACA was considered ‘closed’ in that quadrant if the posterior pigmented trabecular meshwork could not be seen in the primary position without indentation on gonioscopy (Scheie grade 3 or 4). The eye was classified as having an occludable angle if there were two or more quadrants (≥ 180 degrees) closed. | ||
Flow and timing | 98 participants entered the study, 1 was excluded, reason not specified. The index test and reference standard were conducted on the same occasion. | ||
Comparative | |||
Notes | Conflict of interest: Dr Aung has received research support, travel support and honoraria from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA USA, as well as an instrument loan. Participants who underwent peripheral iridotomy were not excluded. |
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Methodological quality | |||
Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Yes | ||
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (LACD) | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Scheimpflug photography) | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (AS‐OCT) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Yes | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (SPAC) | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Flashlight) | |||
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Yes | ||
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Yes | ||
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
Did all patients receive a reference standard | Yes | ||
Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk |