Winegarner 2019.
| Study characteristics | |||
| Patient Sampling | Case‐control study. Review of participants with angle closure disease and healthy controls that were examined in a hospital based setting. Data from one eye were included in the analysis. | ||
| Patient characteristics and setting | Sample size: 136 eyes (87 narrow angle and 49 open angle). Age: mean (SD), 71.9 ± 8.2 years, range (49‐87). Sex: 84 (61.8%) female. Setting: secondary care. Country: Japan. Ethnicity: Japanese. Exclusions: intraocular diseases, history of intraocular surgery or iridotomy, secondary glaucoma or over the age of 90 years. |
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| Index tests | Scheimpflug photography: Oculus Pentacam, pre‐specified thresholds (one SD from the mean) were based on the internal normative database for the following parameters; ACA, ACD and ACV. | ||
| Target condition and reference standard(s) | An eye with an occludable angle was defined using gonioscopy, where 3 quadrants (≥ 270 degrees) of the posterior trabecular meshwork could not be seen. | ||
| Flow and timing | There were no uninterpretable test results or exclusions reported. It was not reported if the index test and reference standard was conducted on the same occasion. | ||
| Comparative | |||
| Notes | Conflict of interest: Miki A has received funding from pharmaceutical companies. | ||
| Methodological quality | |||
| Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
| DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
| Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
| Was a case‐control design avoided? | No | ||
| Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | No | ||
| Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | High | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (LACD) | |||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Scheimpflug photography) | |||
| Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
| If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
| Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Unclear | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (AS‐OCT) | |||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (SPAC) | |||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Flashlight) | |||
| DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
| Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Yes | ||
| Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
| Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
| Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Unclear | ||
| Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
| Did all patients receive a reference standard | Yes | ||
| Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Unclear risk | ||