Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of patients with and without nephrotoxicity.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 1141) | With nephrotoxicity (n = 179) | Without nephrotoxicity (n = 962) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (range) | 65 (18–96) | 65 (18–96) | 66 (18–95) | P = 0.21 c) |
| Age ≥ 67 years, n (%) | 504 (44.2) | 72 (40.2) | 432 (44.9) | P = 0.25 a) |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 728 (63.8) | 111 (62.0) | 617 (64.1) | P = 0.59 a) |
| Body weight (kg), median (range) | 57.0 (28.3–127.0) | 57.9 (28.3–98.1) | 56.7 (29.1–127.0) | P = 0.37 c) |
| Body weight ≥ 57.2 kg, n (%) | 566 (49.6) | 99 (55.3) | 467 (48.5) | P = 0.10 a) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL), median (range) | 0.67 (0.16–5.15) | 0.62 (0.24–4.57) | 0.68 (0.16–5.15) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| Serum creatinine ≥ 0.68 mg/dL, n (%) | 564 (49.4) | 71 (39.7) | 493 (51.3) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| CCr (mL/min), median (range) | 85.9 (7.3–569.6) | 96.3 (7.3–315.2) | 84.0 (10.0–569.6) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| CCr < 88.8 mL/min, n (%) | 607 (53.2) | 75 (41.9) | 532 (55.3) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| Duration of therapy (days), median (range) | 9 (3–88) | 12 (3–88) | 8 (3–83) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| Duration of therapy ≥ 10 days, n (%) | 533 (46.7) | 114 (63.7) | 419 (43.6) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||
| NSAIDs | 541 (47.4) | 92 (51.4) | 449 (46.7) | P = 0.24 a) |
| Furosemide | 392 (34.4) | 108 (60.3) | 284 (29.5) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| Piperacillin–Tazobactam | 188 (16.5) | 57 (31.8) | 131 (13.6) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| Amphotericin B | 21 (1.84) | 11 (6.15) | 10 (1.04) | P < 0.01 b) * |
| Aminoglycoside antibiotics | 26 (2.28) | 7 (3.91) | 19 (1.98) | P = 0.17 b) |
| Vasopressor drugs | 149 (13.1) | 48 (26.8) | 101 (10.5) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| Residence in intensive care unit, n (%) | 145 (12.7) | 33 (18.4) | 112 (11.6) | P = 0.01 a) * |
| Duration of initial TDM (days), median (range) | 3 (3–10) | 3 (3–7) | 3 (3–10) | P = 0.63 c) |
| Initial VCM trough concentration (mg/L), median (range) | 10.6 (2.1–39.4) | 12.8 (3.8–39.4) | 10.4 (2.1–36.0) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| Maximum VCM trough concentration (mg/L), median (range) | 13.5 (2.1–72.2) | 21.5 (5.7–72.2) | 12.6 (2.1–36.0) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| Average VCM trough concentration (mg/L), median (range) | 11.6 (2.1–42.1) | 15.1 (4.7–42.1) | 11.2 (2.1–29.5) | P < 0.01 c) * |
| Average VCM trough concentration ≥ 13 mg/L, n (%) | 449 (39.4) | 114 (63.7) | 335 (34.8) | P < 0.01 a) * |
| With loading dose, n (%) | 187 (16.4) | 23 (12.8) | 164 (17.0) | P = 0.16 a) |
Creatinine clearance: CCr, Vancomycin: VCM, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: NSAIDs, Therapeutic drug monitoring: TDM
a)Chi-squared test
b)Fisher’s exact test
c)Mann–Whitney U-test.
*P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.