Comparison 1. GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture medium versus culture medium not supplemented with GM‐CSF.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Live birth	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.93, 1.52]
1.2 Miscarriage	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.41, 1.36]
1.3 Clinical pregnancy	3	1532	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.16 [0.93, 1.45]
1.4 Multiple gestation	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.73, 2.10]
1.5 Preterm birth	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.20 [0.70, 2.04]
1.6 Birth defects	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.59, 3.01]
1.7 Aneuploidy	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.03, 3.26]
1.8 Stillbirth	2	1432	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Not estimable