| Study | Intervention | Outcome |
Mean pre (SD) |
Mean post (SD) | Mean post minus mean pre | Relative % change pre to post | SMD pre to post | mean change in level (P value) | mean change in slope (P value) |
| Baker 1987 | Reminder | Lumbosacral radiographs ordered | 111.1 (20.4) | 64.9 (10.1) | 46.2 | 41.6 | 2.26 | ‐4.3 (p=0.001) | ‐1.7 (p=0.251) |
| Hollingworth 2002 | Ed mat | Lumbosacral radiographs ordered | 1133.0 (50.0) | 1208.7 (111.5) | ‐75.7 | ‐6.7 | ‐1.51 | ‐121.5 (p=0.167) | 6.8 (p=0.776) |
| Jackson 2005 | Ed mat | Lumbosacral radiographs ordered | 15.7 (5.9) | 18.4 (2.7) | ‐2.7 | ‐17.5 | ‐0.47 | 8.7 (p=0.181) | 4.9 (p=0.1) |
| Matowe 2002 | Ed mat | Total x‐ray examinations* | 2463.8 | 2420 | 43.8 | 1.8 | N/A | NS | NS |
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