Study	Comparison	Outcome	Int pre mean (SD)	Int post mean (SD)	C pre mean (SD)	C post mean (SD)	Post diff	Relative % change	SMD	P value
Eccles 2001	A&F + ed mat vs ed mat	Radiograph requests per 1000 patients (knee)	7.03 (5.1)	6.32 (4.0)	6.67 (3.9)	7.02 (3.6)	0.7	9.97	0.179	<0.05
Eccles 2001	Ed mat + rem vs ed mat	Radiograph requests per 1000 patients (knee)	7.18 (5.0)	5.22 (3.6)	6.67 (3.9)	7.02 (3.6)	1.8	25.64	0.462	<0.05
Eccles 2001	A&F + ed mat + rem vs ed mat	Radiograph requests per 1000 patients (knee)	9.34 (6.1)	5.21 (3.7)	6.67 (3.9)	7.02 (3.6)	1.81	25.78	0.461	<0.05
Kerry 2000*	A&F + ed mat vs control	Number of xrays requested (limbs & joints)	4275	4253	3646	3986	‐	‐	‐	NS
Oakeshott 1994	Ed mat vs control	Xrays requested (limbs & joints)	4.0 (4.6)	2.7 (2.6)	5.5 (6.3)	4.4 (6.6)	1.7	38.6	0.270	NS
Verstappen 2003	Ed mat + ed meet + AF vs control	Number of x‐rays ordered	72 (43)	58 (37)	54 (38)	49 (36)	‐9.0	18.4	0.237	NS
		Number of inappropriate x‐rays ordered^	50 (34)	41 (26)	36 (26)	31 (22)	10.0	32.3	0.385	NS