Yurdakul 2019.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	69 participants with chronic low back pain
Interventions	Intervention (n = 23): ultrasound plus hot pack and TENS Control (n = 23): hot pack and TENS Control (n = 23): no intervention
Outcomes	Pain intensity (numerical rating scale); back‐specific functional status (Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire); well‐being (SF‐36)
Notes	All participants were prescribed paracetamol 500 mg 3 times a day during the study period and were advised not to exercise until the end of the treatment.

TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
SF‐36: 36‐item Short Form Health Survey
VAS: visual analogue scale