Figure 4.

Effects of BHB on palmitate-induced ER stress. HepG2 cells incubated with BHB (200 and 400 µM) for 3 h followed by treatment with palmitate (500 µM) for 24 h. Western blotting was performed to detect the levels of the ER stress markers (p-PERK and p-IRE). and the downstream signal p-JNK. Western blot results from three independent experiments were quantified by densitometry. One-factor ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences. ##p < 0.01 vs. normal; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. palmitate (500 µM).