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. 2020 Jul 23;11(4):746–755. doi: 10.14336/AD.2020.0521

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Copyright: © 2020 Das et al.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 3. — Scheme showing possible role of MSCs and bioactive lipids in COVID-19. Dietary LA and ALA are converted to AA and EPA and DHA by desaturases. Viruses block the activities of desaturases. PGE2 and LTs derived from AA/EPA/DHA facilitate M1 generation and enhance inflammation. Anti-inflammatory PGE1/PGE2, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins derived from DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA facilitate M2 generation and suppress inflammation. PLA2 activated by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses induce the release of DGLA/AA/EPA/DHA that inactivate enveloped viruses by themselves and through their products and regulate inflammatory process. MSCs and other stem cells contain DGLA/AA/EPA/DHA and release PGE2 and LXA4 and other bioactive lipids to resolve inflammation. DGLA/AA/EPA/DHA by their ability to alter cell membrane composition can regulate ACE2 expression. ACE2 is needed for SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells.