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. 2020 Jul 21;9(7):bio051581. doi: 10.1242/bio.051581

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© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 1. — Changes in mechanical work and cost of transport following chronic neural adaptations to loss of upper-motor neuron control. (A) Stroke causes loss of upper-motor neuron control over voluntary movements, leading to weakness, abnormal tonus and spasticity at the most affected side and movement compensations at the least affected side (Balbinot and Schuch, 2019). (B) The balance between energy production and conservation maintains a functional post-stroke gait. Ep, BCoM potential energy; Ek, BCoM kinetic energy.