Fig. 2.
Metabolic and mechanical energy production was greater for stroke subjects. (A) A familiarization session was conducted to determine the PWS during level walking. (B) Based on the PWS, subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill at two or three different speeds below the PWS and one or two speeds slightly above the PWS. (C) During each walking speed, bilateral three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and VO2 consumption were acquired following 3 min of walking acclimation. (D) The kinematic model included 11 body segments: arm (two), forearm (two), trunk (one), thigh (two), shank (two) and foot (2). (E) Increased cost of transport was evident following stroke. (F–H) External mechanical work (Wext) was greater for stroke survivors. Data are Mean±s.d., two-way ANOVAs (speed and lesion) followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, *P<0.05 between groups as indicated, nStroke=7, nControl=10 for C and nStroke=6, nControl=10 for mechanical work variables; Wv, vertical external mechanical work; Wf, forward external mechanical work.