TABLE 1.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results for differences among occupational groups in means and ranks of character strengths, controlled for sex and age.
|
Absolute scores |
Ipsative scores |
|||||||
| F(7, 859) | P | Partial η2 | Contrast | F(7, 859) | p | Partial η2 | Contrast | |
| Creativity | 2.95 | 0.005 | 0.023 | 2 > M | 3.05 | 0.004 | 0.024 | 2 > M > 4 |
| Curiosity | 2.73 | 0.008 | 0.022 | 2 > M | 2.80 | 0.007 | 0.022 | 2, 8 > M > 6 |
| Judgment | 4.51 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 1, 2 > M | 4.71 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 1, 2, 3 > M |
| Love of learning | 3.68 | 0.001 | 0.029 | 1, 2 > M | 4.15 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 1, 2 > M > 6 |
| Perspective | 2.41 | 0.019 | 0.019 | 1 > M > 5 | 1.51 | 0.161 | 0.012 | – |
| Bravery | 2.45 | 0.017 | 0.020 | 1 > M > 2 | 2.78 | 0.007 | 0.022 | M > 2 |
| Perseverance | 1.05 | 0.393 | 0.008 | – | 0.33 | 0.939 | 0.003 | – |
| Honesty | 1.97 | 0.057 | 0.016 | 0.70 | 0.670 | 0.006 | – | |
| Zest | 1.84 | 0.076 | 0.015 | – | 1.71 | 0.104 | 0.014 | |
| Love | 1.77 | 0.089 | 0.014 | – | 0.95 | 0.466 | 0.008 | – |
| Kindness | 1.42 | 0.194 | 0.011 | – | 0.61 | 0.751 | 0.005 | – |
| Social intelligence | 3.31 | 0.002 | 0.026 | 1, 2 > M | 1.52 | 0.157 | 0.012 | |
| Teamwork | 0.45 | 0.869 | 0.004 | – | 2.36 | 0.022 | 0.019 | 3 > M |
| Fairness | 1.34 | 0.229 | 0.011 | – | 1.04 | 0.401 | 0.008 | – |
| Leadership | 2.53 | 0.014 | 0.020 | 1 > M > 3 | 1.46 | 0.180 | 0.012 | |
| Forgiveness | 1.45 | 0.181 | 0.012 | – | 0.76 | 0.619 | 0.006 | |
| Humility | 0.98 | 0.447 | 0.008 | – | 1.82 | 0.080 | 0.015 | |
| Prudence | 1.35 | 0.225 | 0.011 | – | 2.11 | 0.041 | 0.017 | 6 > M > 1 |
| Self-regulation | 1.29 | 0.254 | 0.010 | – | 1.54 | 0.151 | 0.012 | |
| ABE | 1.19 | 0.305 | 0.010 | – | 1.19 | 0.309 | 0.010 | – |
| Gratitude | 0.80 | 0.591 | 0.006 | – | 1.10 | 0.361 | 0.009 | – |
| Hope | 1.14 | 0.334 | 0.009 | – | 0.19 | 0.988 | 0.002 | – |
| Humor | 0.55 | 0.795 | 0.004 | – | 1.05 | 0.393 | 0.008 | – |
| Spirituality | 1.40 | 0.201 | 0.011 | – | 1.21 | 0.293 | 0.010 | – |
N = 870. ABE, Appreciation of Beauty and Excellence. Contrasts: 1, managers; 2, professionals; 3, technicians and associate professionals; 4, clerical support workers; 5, service and sales workers; 6, skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers; 7, craft and related trades workers; and 8, plant and machine operators, and assemblers. M = average across all occupational groups. Example: “1 > M > 2” indicates that managers scored higher and professionals scored lower than the average across all occupational groups (p < 0.05).