Table 2.

Textural properties of synthesized nanostructures.

Sample	SBET (m2 g−1)a	PV (cm3 g−1)b	PVmicro (cm3 g−1)c	PR (Å)d	ρ (g cm−3)e	dS (nm)f	dXRD (nm)g	Acid amount (mmol g−1)h
C1	19	0.08	–	80	1.3	243	5.7	0.25
C2	17	0.09	–	97	1.3	271	9.5	0.4
C3	29	0.15	0.001	106	1.5	137	n. d.	0.06
C4	51	0.31	0.004	127	1.3	90	4.5	0.05
GO	11	0.08	–	119	0.8	681	32	0.49
C1g	59	0.09	0.008	46	1.2	84	4.9	0.26
C4g	111	0.17	0.02	67	1.3	41	4.4	0.43

^aSurface area determined by BET method based on N₂ adsorption.

^bBJH adsorption cumulative volume of pores with radius of 8.5–1,500 Å.

^ct-plot micropore volume.

^dPore radius, BJH method on N₂ adsorption.

^eBulk density.

^fCrystallite size based on BET surface area: d_S = 6 / (S_BET·ρ), ρ bulk density (Hiyoshi, 2012).

^gDiameter of product particle measured by XRD according to Scherrer's equation (Alhassan et al., 2015): using 222 diffraction of yttrium oxide phase.

^hDetermined by n-butylamine titration.