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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cancer. 2019 Dec 3;6(1):3–6. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.11.003

Figure 1. Schematic of Hypothesized Systemic Immunosuppressive Effects of T Regulatory (TReg) II Cells.

Figure 1.

The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of circulating TReg II cells parallels that of intratumoral TReg cells. Thus, it is hypothesized that TReg II cells could be primed through primary exposure to the cancer cells and/or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor-derived TReg II cells then enter the circulation after being ‘educated’ in the TME and/or tumor-involved draining lymph nodes. Given the continued expression of CCR8 by the circulating immunosuppressive TReg II cells, these specific TReg cells could then be recruited to cancer cells seeded at distant metastatic sites and may play an important role in propagating a systemic immune-suppressive microenvironment. Abbreviations: CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IL-6, interleukin 6; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; Th cell, T helper cell.