Table 2.
Fixed-effects results of the mixed-effects log-linear regression for the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections detected in the health system according to community-level transmission intensity
|
All ages (n=471 clusters) |
Individuals older than 5 years (n=309 clusters) |
Children aged 5 years and younger (n=201 clusters) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Intercept | 3·80 (1·65–8·73) | 0·0021 | 0·01 (0·006–0·02) | <0·0001 | 0·36 (0·22–0·58) | 0·0001 |
| Log odds community prevalence | 0·63 (0·57–0·69) | <0·0001 | 0·58 (0·53–0·64) | <0·0001 | 1·04 (0·89–1·22) | 0·61 |
| Non-African region (vs African countries) | 0·37 (0·22–0·62) | 0·0003 | 4·45 (2·00–9·89) | 0·0004 | 0·08 (0·02–0·29) | 0·0002 |
| Log10 population size | 0·23 (0·17–0·31) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Low transmission season (vs high transmission system) | 0·59 (0·46–0·77) | 0·0001 | 0·65 (0·53–0·80) | 0·0001 | 0·62 (0·44–0·87) | 0·0067 |
| RDT used as community diagnostic (vs PCR) | 4·27 (2·31–7·90) | <0·0001 | 0·07 (0·03–0·14) | <0·0001 | .. | .. |
| Increase in malaria incidence in the previous year | 431·82 (2·07–89859·3) | 0·028 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Log odds p (seek care if febrile)* | .. | .. | 0·71 (0·58–0·87) | 0·0015 | 0·85 (0·71–1·01) | 0·075 |
| Log odds community prevalence: region | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·55 (0·42–0·73) | 0·0001 |
| Log odds bednet use | .. | .. | 2·29 (1·16–2·37) | 0·024 | .. | .. |
Detection of infection in the full all-age population, in the populations aged older than 5 years, and in children aged 5 years and younger is shown. Some cells are empty because the factor was not retained in the adjusted analysis because they did not contribute to the explanatory power of the model. OR=odds ratio. RDT=rapid diagnostic test.
*
The probability of patients seeking care if febrile is the proxy variable typically used in malaria research to provide a proxy estimate for treatment seeking.