Table 2. Complication rates associated with IABP, Impella, and VA-ECMO from observational studies in cardiogenic shock.

Death represents either 30-day or in-hospital mortality, whichever was reported in the individual study. AKI, acute kidney injury; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

IABP	Study	n	Bleeding (%)	Stroke (%)	AKI (%)	Limb ischemia (%)	Hemolysis (%)	Sepsis (%)	Death (%)
	Tehrani et al. 10	55	9.1	-	23.6	7.3	0.0	-	-
	Alushi et al. 33	54	7.4	1.8	-	0.0	-	-	52.0
	Pieri et al. 34	36	36.1	8.3	-	2.8	0.0	36.0	6.0
	Ferguson et al. 35	16,909	2.4	-	-	2.9	-	-	21.2
	Cohen et al. 36	22,663	0.9	-	-	0.9	-	-	21.3
	Stone et al. 37	5,495	4.3	-	-	2.3	-	-	20.0
	Siriwardena et al. 38	645	2.9	2.3	16.6	2.6	-	-	-
	Cohen et al. 39	1,119	4.6	3.3	-	-	-	-	-
	Valente et al. 40	414	7.2	-	-	2.4	-	-	-
	Davidicius et al. 41	360	19.0	-	-	4.0	-	-	-
	Ternus et al. 42	682	0.6	-	-	1.3	0.0	-	18.5
	Schwartz et al. 43	50	24.0	4.0	-	6.0	-	-	34.0
	Mackenzie et al. 44	100	2.0	-	-	25.0	-	-	40.0
	Ozen et al. 45	3,135	1.4	-	-	12.3	0.7	-	25.9
	Arceo et al. 46	212	2.4	-	-	5.7	-	-	45.0
	Dick et al. 47	187	-	-	-	2.5	-	-	7.2
	Eltchaninoff et al. 48	240	3.3	-	-	12.9	-	0.4	24.0
	Meisel et al. 49	161	2.5	-	-	2.5	-	-	7.2
	Pahuja et al. 22, 23	86,796	19.4	3.1	-	0.9	-	-	25.8
	Weighted average		12.9	3.1	17.2	1.5	0.6	5.0	24.2
Impella		n	Bleeding (%)	Stroke (%)	AKI (%)	Limb ischemia (%)	Hemolysis (%)	Sepsis (%)	Death (%)
	Tehrani et al. 11	67	4.5	-	25.4	4.5	10.5	-	-
	Annamalai et al. 50	34	20.6	5.9	47.1	8.8	11.8	-	38.0
	Alushi et al. 33	62	14.5	1.6	-	8.0	-	-	67.0
	O’Neill et al. 51	154	20.1	1.9	-	-	-	-	-
	Jensen et al. 52	109	59.0	0.0	-	10.1	11.9	-	-
	Karatolios et al. 53	27	62.9	-	-	3.7	-	-	-
	Karami et al. 54	90	23.3	4.4	-	2.2	6.7	-	52.2
	Pieri et al. 34	28	35.7	7.1	-	18.0	32.0	29.0	21.0
	Basir et al. 55	171	7.0	-	-	4.1	-	28.0	-
	Ternus et al. 42	96	5.2	-	-	2.1	1.0	-	30.2
	Kaki et al. 56	17	5.9	5.9	41.0	5.9	-	-	70.6
	Lauten et al. 57	120	28.4	1.7	31.7	-	7.5	-	64.2
	Ouweneel et al. 58	112	25.0	3.6	-	-	7.1	-	65.0
	Badiye et al. 59	40	-	-	42.0	-	62.5	-	32.5
	Esposito et al. 60	23	-	-	-	-	30.4	-	57.0
	Schwartz et al. 43	7	57.0	0.0	-	0.0	-	-	14.0
	Garan et al. 12	31	-	12.9	-	12.9	-	-	45.2
	Lamarche et al. 61	29	-	-	-	0.0	-	-	38.0
	Anderson et al. 62 (RP)	60	48.3	-	-	-	21.7	-	26.7
	Pahuja et al. 22,23	2,079	29.9	5.6	-	3.6	-	-	41.0
	Weighted average		27.7	4.9	34.1	4.2	13.1	28.1	43.1
ECMO		n	Bleeding (%)	Stroke (%)	AKI (%)	Limb ischemia (%)	Hemolysis (%)	Sepsis (%)	Death (%)
	Tehrani et al. 11	31	16.1	-	51.6	19.4	38.7	-	-
	Karami et al. 54	38	31.6	10.5	-	5.3	0.0	-	47.4
	Chamogeorgakis et al. 63	61	-	-	-	13.1	-	-	50.8
	Hoefer et al. 64	131	11.5	2.3	-	1.5	-	-	-
	Koerner et al. 65	184	22.3	4.9	16.3	4.3	9.2	18.5	61.0
	Lorusso et al. 66	4,522	-	5.4	-	-	-	-	-
	Garan et al. 12	20	-	25.0	-	10.0	-	-	45.0
	Kolla et al. 67	27	16.0	7.4	56.0	-	-	-	70.0
	Gulkarov et al. 68	71	4.1	14.1	45.1	19.7	-	-	53.5
	Yau et al. 69	154	-	-	-	22.0	-	-	59.7
	Avalli et al. 70	100	-	-	-	35.0	-	-	72.0
	Wong et al. 71	193	18	9.0	-	11.0	-	-	61.0
	Ranney et al. 72	80	-	-	-	21.3	-	-	60.0
	Foley et al. 73	43	-	-	-	16.3	-	-	79.0
	Lamb et al. 74	91	-	-	-	13.2	-	-	58.0
	Belle et al. 75	51	39.2	3.9	-	17.6	13.7	13.7	72.5
	Bermudez et al. 76	42		11.9	40.5	14.3	-	-	62.0
	Kim et al. 77	27	14.2	-	37.0	-	-	-	41.7
	Esper et al. 78	18	94.4	5.6	-	22.2	-	-	33.0
	Loforte et al. 79	73	50.7	15.1	52.0	54.8	-	15.1	54.8
	Moraca et al. 80	26	-	7.7	34.6	7.7	-	-	35.0
	Pagani et al. 81	33	-	0.9	30.3	-	-	-	64.0
	Wu et al. 82	60	-	-	31.7	10.0	-	-	47.0
	Formica et al. 83	42	54.8	26.2	47.6	21.4	-	-	61.9
	Lamarche et al. 61	32	-	-	-	15.6	-	-	44.0
	Batra et al. 84	1,286	32.3	-	21.1	-	-	-	54.1
	Vallabhajosyula et al. 85	4,608	25.3	10.8	-	-	-	-	57.7
	Pahuja et al. 22, 23	444	54.2	9.7	-	7.7	-	-	55.9
	Weighted average		28.2	8.2	25.6	14.3	11.8	16.9	57.2