Table 1.

IOP-lowering medications, efficacy, and mechanism of action.

Medication Class	Compound	IOP reduction (%)	Mechanism of action
			Increases uveoscleral outflow	Increases trabecular outflow	Decreases aqueous production	Decreases episcleral venous pressure
Prostaglandin analogues	Bimatoprost, latanoprost, tafluprost, travoprost	25–35	Yes	No	No	No
β-Blockers (i) Nonselective	Timolol, levobonolol, carteolol, metipranolol	20–25	No	No	Yes	No
(ii) β1-Selective	Betaxolol	20	No	No	Yes	No
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (i) Topical	Dorzolamide, brinzolamide	20	No	No	Yes	No
(ii) Systemic	Acetazolamide, methazolamide, dichlorphenamide	30–40	No	No	Yes	No
Adrenergic agonists (i) α-2 Selective	Brimonidine, apraclonidine	20–25	Yes	No	Yes	No
(ii) Nonselective	Dipivefrin, epinephrine	15–20	Yes	No	Yes	No
Parasympathomimetics	Pilocarpine, echothiophate	20–25	No	Yes	No	No
Novel IOP-lowering medications
Rho-kinase inhibitors	Netarsudil	16–21	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nitric oxide-donating prostaglandin analogue	Latanoprostene bunod	32–34	Yes	Yes	No	No
FC rho-kinase inhibitor/latanoprost	Netarsudil/latanoprost	30–36	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes