Table 2.

Absolute Contraindications for ECMO in COVID-19 Patients With Cardiopulmonary Failure.

1. Advanced age	2. Clinical frailty scale category ≥3
3. Severe multiple organ failure (renal failure is not an exclusion criterion)	4. Severe acute neurological injury
5. Significant underlying comorbidities	6. Mechanical ventilation >10 days
7. Uncontrolled bleeding	8. Contraindications to anticoagulation
9. Inability to accept blood products	10. Ongoing CPR

Abbreviations: CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Adapted from ELSO.¹⁷