Skip to main content
. 2020 Jun 5;10(14):7189–7211. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6419
Family Botanical namea Local name Abundance Originb Conservation status Successional guilde
New fallow Young fallow Middle‐aged fallow Oldest fallow Old‐growth forest IUCNc DENRd
Alangiaceae Alangium javanicum (Bl.) Wang Putian 4 3 3 5 Native LR NA Secondary
Anacardiaceae Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe Dao 2 3 1 2 Native NA V Secondary
Dracontomelon edule (Blanco) Skeels. Lamio 2 1 1 Native NA V Secondary
Annonaceae Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson Ilang‐ilang 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Polyalthia oblongifolia Burck Lapnisan 6 2 6 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Polyalthia flava Yellow lanutan 7 4 1 8 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Apocynaceae Alstonia macrophylla G. Don Batino 5 4 5 Native LR NA Pioneer
Alstonia parvifolia Merr. Batino‐liitan 3 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Wrightia pubescens R.Br. Lanete 1 9 13 9 2 Native NA NA Pioneer
Kibatalia gitingensis (Elmer) Woodson Laneteng‐gubat 1 1 17 8 Endemic V CE Secondary
Araliaceae Arthrophyllum cenabrei Merr. Bingliu 9 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Polyscias nodosa (Blume) Seem. Malapapaya 2 51 83 97 14 Native NA NA Pioneer
Arecaceae Areca cathecu L Bunga 5 8 Native NA NA Secondary
Cocos nucifera L. Coconut 5 Native NA NA Pioneer
Caryota cumingii Lodd. ex Mart. Pugahan 43 25 26 83 Native NA NA Pioneer
Heterospathe elata Scheff. Sagisi 6 6 2 15 Native NA NA Pioneer
Bignoniaceae Radermachera pinnate (Blanco) Seem. Banai‐Banai 2 28 24 11 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Burseraceae Canarium hirsutum Milipili 2 6 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Canarium calophyllum Perkins. Pagsahingin‐bulog 1 11 10 8 12 Native NA NA Secondary
Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A.Gray Piling‐liitan 2 3 6 28 Endemic V NA Pioneer
Calophyllaceae Calophyllum blancoi Planch. & Triana Bitanghol 7 7 22 9 Native NA NA Secondary
Calophyllum lancifolium Elmer. Bitanghol‐sibat 2 3 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Cannabaceae Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Anabiong 1 2 Native NA NA Pioneer
Celtis philippensis Blanco Malaikmo 1 4 Native NA NA Secondary
Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia L. Agoho 1 1 Exotic NA NA Pioneer
Gymnostoma rumphianum (Miq.) L.A.S. Johnson Mountain agoho 1 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Combretaceae Terminalia microcarpa Decne. Kalumpit 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Cycadaceae Cycas circinalis L. Pitogo 1 Native E NA Pioneer
Datiscaceae Octomeles sumatrana Miq. Binuang 1 Native LR NA Secondary
Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica L. Handapara 2 4 Native NA NA Secondary
Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe Katmon 2 6 5 6 Endemic V NA Secondary
Dipterocarpaceae Shorea almon Foxw. Almon 2 3 Endemic CE V Climax
Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr. Bagtikan 4 11 19 32 61 Native NA NA Climax
Dipterocarpus eurynchus Miq. Basilanapitong 1 Endemic CE E Secondary
Hopea philippinensis Dyer Gisok‐gisok 7 3 2 20 Endemic CE CE Pioneer
Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume Guijo 15 8 4 31 Native CE NA Pioneer
Shorea palosapis (Blanco) Merr. Mayapis 3 9 5 12 Endemic CE NA Climax
Anisoptera thurifera Palosapis 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr. Tangile 2 6 8 14 5 Endemic CE V Climax
Shorea contorta Vidal White lauan 2 5 16 6 4 Endemic CE V Climax
Hopea malibato Yakal‐kaliot 1 Native CE CE Climax
Ebenaceae Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco Bolong‐eta 1 4 9 3 Native NA E Secondary
Diospyros blancoi A.DC. Kamagong 1 3 1 Native V CE Climax
Euphorbiaceae Neotrewia cumingii (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. Apanang 3 3 2 4 Native NA NA Pioneer
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg. Banato 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg. Binunga 5 4 2 7 Native NA NA Pioneer
Macaranga bicolor Muell. ‐Arg. Hamindang 9 1 8 5 Endemic V NA Pioneer
Mallotus ricinoides (Pers.) Müll.Arg. Hinlaumo 1 5 12 5 Native NA NA Pioneer
Fabaceae Ormosia calavensis Blanco Bahai 34 3 19 2 Endemic NA NA Climax
Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg. Falcata 5 6 Exotic NA NA Secondary
Leucaena leucaephala (Lam.) de Wit. Ipil‐ipil 7 3 Exotic NA NA Pioneer
Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Narra 8 Native V NA Secondary
Albizia saponaria(Lour.) Blume ex Miq. Salingkugi 4 3 8 Native NA NA Secondary
Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin et Barneby Thailand shower 2 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Fagaceae Lithocarpus llanosii (A.DC.) Rehder Ulaian 2 17 28 27 16 Native NA NA Pioneer
Hypericaceae Cratoxylum celebicum Bl. Paguriagon 4 2 11 4 Native NA NA Secondary
Lamiaceae Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Williams Kalipapa 1 10 Native NA NA Pioneer
Vitex turczaninowii (Turcz.) Merr. Lingo‐lingo 1 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Premna cumingiana Schauer Magilik 1 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Tectona grandis L. f. Teak 1 Exotic NA NA Pioneer
Callicarpa elegans Hayek Tigau‐ganda 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Lauraceae Cinnamomum cebuense Kostermans Kaningag 2 2 2 Endemic CE NA Pioneer
Litsea perrottetii (Bl.) Villar. Marang 5 2 8 4 Native NA NA Secondary
Neolitsea vidalii Merr. Puso‐puso 7 3 6 Endemic V NA Secondary
Lecythidaceae Barringtonia racemosa Spreng. Putat 3 4 6 11 Native NA NA Pioneer
Petersianthus quadrialatus (Merr.) Merr. Toog 1 8 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Malvaceae Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz. Balobo 9 5 7 5 Endemic V NA Secondary
Pterospermum obliquum Blanco Kulatingan 1 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Melastomataceae Astronia cumingiana S.Vidal Badling 4 8 7 3 Native CE NA Pioneer
Meliaceae Dysoxylum decandrum Merrill. Igyo 2 3 2 6 Native NA NA Pioneer
Toona philippinensis Elmer. Lanigpa 1 3 5 4 Native NA NA Pioneer
Dysoxylum cumingianum C. DC. Tara‐tara 4 6 13 10 Native NA NA Pioneer
Moraceae Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr. Antipolo 1 6 5 4 7 Endemic V NA Pioneer
Artocarpus ovatus Blanco Anubing 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Ficus irisana Elmer. Aplas 5 9 7 1 Native NA NA Pioneer
Ficus balete Merr. Balete 1 9 10 4 Native NA NA Pioneer
Ficus gul K. Schum. & Lauterb. Butli 3 41 19 32 18 Native NA NA Secondary
Ficus minahassae (Teijsm. & De Vriese) Miq. Hagimit 4 19 15 4 4 Native NA NA Secondary
Ficus septica Burm. f. Hauili 2 3 18 Native NA NA Secondary
Ficus ulmifolia Lam. Is‐is 3 1 2 1 Endemic V NA Pioneer
Ficus callosa Willd. Kalukoi 2 1 Native NA NA Pioneer
Ficus magnoliifolia Blume Kanapai 6 2 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Ficus odorata (Blanco) Merr. Pakiling 1 1 5 Endemic NA NA Climax
Ficus vrieseana Miq. Tagitig 1 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Ficus nota Merr. Tibig 1 21 17 2 7 Native NA NA Pioneer
Ficus ampelas Burm. f Upling‐gubat 12 1 6 Native NA NA Pioneer
Myricaceae Myrica javanica Reinw. ex Bl. Hindang 1 3 Native NA NA Secondary
Myristicaceae Knema mindanaensis (Warb.) comb. nov. Bunod 1 3 5 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Morr.) Becc. ssp. papuanus (Becc.) Jarr. Malanangka 1 2 2 2 4 Native NA NA Pioneer
Horsfieldia costulata (Miq.) Warb. Yabnob 33 36 26 38 Native NA NA Pioneer
Myrtaceae Syzygium surigaense (Merr.) Merr. Kagagko 2 3 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Syzygium crassilimbum (Merr.) Merr. Kaitatanag 1 1 2 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Syzygium gigantifolium (Merr.) Merr. Malatalisai 4 4 4 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Syzygium hutchinsonii (C.B.Robinson) Merr. Malatambis 1 10 11 12 5 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves Mangkono 2 2 Endemic V NA Pioneer
Olacaceae Strombosia philippinensis (Baill.) Rolfe Tamayuan 12 14 14 16 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Pandanaceae Pandanus radicans Blanco Ulangong‐ugatan 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Phyllanthaceae Securinega fIexuosa (Muell. ‐Arg.) Anislag 6 4 6 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Binayuyu 13 3 3 Native NA NA Climax
Glochidion camiguinense Merr. Bunot‐Bunot 8 3 10 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Glochidion album (Blanco) Boerl. Malabagang 1 1 2 3 Native NA NA Pioneer
Breynia rhamnoides Müll.Arg. Matang‐hipon 3 2 2 Native NA NA Pioneer
Cleistanthus venosus C.B. Rob. Sarimisim 2 1 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Bridelia penangiana Hook.f.Bridelia insulana Hance Subiang 3 1 1 8 Native N N Secondar
Bischofia javanica Blume Tuai 24 20 26 58 Native NA NA Secondary
Piperaceae Piper anduncum L. Spiked pepper 3 3 1 5 Native NA NA Pioneer
Primulaceae Ardisia pyramidalis (Cav.) Pers. ex A. DC. Aunasin 8 6 4 12 Native NA NA Secondary
Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Bakauan‐gubat 4 2 1 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Rubiaceae Neonauclea formicaria (Elmer) Merr. Hambabalud 6 7 7 2 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Mussaenda philippica A.Rich. Kahoi‐dalaga 1 1 Native NA E Secondary
Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr. Lisak 1 6 4 5 Endemic NA NA Secondary
Canthium fenicis (Merr.) Merr. Mapugahan 2 4 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Canthium monstrosum (A. Rich.) Merr. Tadiang‐anuang 4 1 1 Native NA NA Pioneer
Rutaceae Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr. Matang‐arau 4 4 3 1 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Sapindaceae Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan 1 Native LR NA Pioneer
Sapotaceae Planchonella nitida (Blume) Dubard. Duklitan 1 9 Exotic NA NA Secondary
Palaquium luzoniense (Fern.‐Vill.) Vidal Nato 11 2 8 16 Endemic V V Secondary
Sterculiaceae Pterospermum diversifolium Bl. Bayok 4 1 1 Native NA NA Pioneer
Tiliaceae Trichospermum involucratum (Merr.) Elmer Langosig 1 Endemic NA NA Pioneer
Urticaceae Leucosyke capitellata (Pair.) Wedd. Alagasi 3 46 60 5 7 Native NA NA Pioneer
Pipturus arborescens (Link) C. B. Rob. Dalunot 1 8 Native NA NA Pioneer
Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f) Chew Lingaton 1 Native NA NA Pioneer
Verbenaceae Premna odorata Blanco Alagau 1 2 Native NA NA Secondary
Premna stellate Merr. Manaba 1 Native NA NA Secondary
Vitaceae Leea aculeata Bl. Amamali 1 3 5 Native NA NA Pioneer
Unknown Anungo 8 2 4 18 Secondary
Nandamai 1 Pioneer
Pandukaki 1 Pioneer
Pegonngon 1 Secondary
Poelig 13 1 1 Pioneer
Siyao 1 Pioneer