Fig. 5.

Trans men exhibit diminished endothelial function compared to cisgender females. Flow mediated vasodilation (%FMD): 4.5 ± 0.9 vs. 8.1 ± 1.0% (mean ± SEM). We used a standard protocol [76]. In each protocol, the subject lay supine, ultrasound brachial artery measures were recorded at baseline for 3 min. Forearm ischemia was then induced by rapidly inflating a blood pressure cuff to supra-systolic pressure (i.e., ≥ 160-180 mm Hg) for 5 min. Brachial artery measures were obtained continuously for 3 min following cuff deflation. FMD analysis is described in Gulanski et al. [48], with permission