Table 5.
Adjusted odds ratio for the risk of low serum LDL concentrations by the haplotypea after covariate adjustments according to the patterns of lifestyles
| Major (n = 1782) |
Heterozygote (n = 1680) |
Minor (n = 301) |
Gene-nutrient interaction P value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low balanced dietb | 1 | 0.994 (0.869–1.136) | 0.722 (0.570–0.914) | 0.0246 |
| High balanced diet | 0.854 (0.769–0.948) | 0.640 (0.540–0.759) | ||
| Low flour-rich dietc | 1 | 0.876 (0.795–0.965) | 0.540 (0.456–0.639) | 0.6929 |
| High flour-rich diet | 0.881 (0.825–0.940) | 0.596 (0.534–0.666) | ||
| Low mainly-rice dietd | 1 | 0.930 (0.845–1.023) | 0.622 (0.528–0.732) | 0.1788 |
| High mainly-rice diet | 0.858 (0.804–0.917) | 0.560 (0.501–0.626) | ||
| Low energye | 1 | 0.917 (0.861 ~ 0.977) | 0.687 (0.586 ~ 0.805) | 0.2870 |
| High energy | 0.918 (0.799 ~ 1.056) | 0.680 (0.529 ~ 0.873) | ||
| Low carbohydratef | 1 | 0.898 (0.848 ~ 0.952) | 0.678 (0.585 ~ 0.785) | 0.1922 |
| High carbohydrate | 0.931 (0.765 ~ 1.134) | 0.718 (0.515 ~ 1.002) | ||
| Low proteing | 1 | 0.927 (0.834 ~ 1.031) | 0.694 (0.576 ~ 0.836) | 0.0059 |
| High protein | 0.933 (0.870 ~ 0.999) | 0.671 (0.544 ~ 0.815) | ||
| Low fath | 1 | 0.876 (0.713 ~ 0.993) | 0.637 (0.527 ~ 0.770) | 0.1690 |
| High fat | 1.034 (0.929 ~ 1.151) | 0.734 (0.606 ~ 0.888) | ||
| Low alcohol drinkingi | 1 | 0.898 (0.851 ~ 0.947) | 0.645 (0.554 ~ 0.751) | 0.3690 |
| High alcohol drinking | 0.910 (0.765 ~ 1.084) | 0.868 (0.649 ~ 1.161) | ||
| Non- + former smoking | 1 | 0.910 (0.862–0.962) | 0.697 (0.608–0.800) | 0.3436 |
| Smoking | 0.841 (0.717–0.987) | 0.579 (0.440–0.762) | ||
| Low coffee intakej | 1 | 0.933 (0.864 ~ 0.948) | 0.679 (0.589 ~ 0.782) | 0.0935 |
| High coffee intake | 1.139 (0.890 ~ 1.457) | 0.762 (0.504 ~ 1.151) | ||
| Low physical activityk | 1 | 0.876 (0.812 ~ 0.944) | 0.609 (0.504 ~ 0.735) | 0.1105 |
| High physical activity | 0.887 (0.698–1.127) | 0.738 (0.610 ~ 0.970) |
aHaplotypes of APOE, PVRL2, TOMM40, EXOC3L2, and CD3EAP were generated by plink and they were divided into 3 categories (Major, Heterozygote and Minor haplotype groups) by the alleles (0, 1–2, and 3–4). Reference was the major haplotype allele
Values represent odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals
The cutoff points for dividing the values of each parameter into 2 groups were as follows: less than 75th percentile of the respective diet intakeb,c.d, less than estimated energy intakee, less than 13% proteinf, 70% carbohydrate (CHO)g, 15% fath, 20 g alcohol per dayi, less than 10 cups of coffee per weekj, and 1 h moderate activity per dayk. Multivariate regression models include the corresponding main effects, interaction terms of gene and main effects (energy and nutrient intake), and potential confounders such as BMI, residence area, gender, age, smoking, coffee, alcohol, physical activity and serum total cholesterol concentrations