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. 2020 Jul 21;8:643. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00643

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Copyright © 2020 El-Deeb, Abo-Eleneen, Al-Madboly, Sharaf, Othman, Ibrahim and Mubarak.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Isolated macrophages of rat skins where; (A) Rat skin isolated macrophages of AgNPs group (without bacterial infection). (B) Rat skin isolated macrophages of bacterial infected group (positive control). (C) Rat skin isolated macrophages of the non-infected group (negative control). (D) Rat skin isolated macrophages AgNPs treatment to the bacterial infected group (AgNPs -treated group). (E) Flow cytometric quantification of the induced ROS in in the ex-vivo skin associated macrophages of P. aeruginosa infected rats upon AgNPs treatments. N = 3. *is not significant at P < 0.001. **is significant at P < 0.001. ***is highly significant at P < 0.0001.