Table 3.
The definition of molecules which are assumed to be effective in the disruption of the COVID-19 Replication
| Drug name | Category | Mechanism on COVID-19 | Preclinical studies | Human clinical studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danoprevir | Anti HCV(in China) | Chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor [91] | in silico [109] | NCT04291729, NCT04345276 |
| Ritonavir | Anti HIV | Chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor [91] | in silico, in vitro, animal models [109] |
+Lopinavir: NCT04307693, NCT04330690, NCT04321174, NCT04276688, NCT04321993, NCT04315948 |
| Lopinavir | Anti HIV | Protease inhibitor | in silico, in vitro, animal models [100, 109] | NCT04307693 |
| Remdesivir | Nucleotide analog (investigational) | Rd Rp inhibitor, premature termination of RNA replication | in vitro [99] | |
| Clevudine | Anti HBV (in South Korea and the Philippines). | Rd Rp inhibitor, premature termination of RNA replication | NR | NCT04347915 |
| Beclabuvir | Anti HCV | Rd Rp inhibitor [96] | in vitro [91] | NR |
| Sofosbuvir | Anti HCV | Rd Rp inhibitor | in silico [110] | IRCT20200128046294N2 |
| Daclatasvir | Anti HCV | NSP inhibitor | in silico [109] | IRCT20200128046294N2 |
| Zinc | Microelement | Rd Rp inhibitor | NR | NCT04335084, NCT04351490, NCT04342728, NCT04326725, NCT04334512 |
| Ribavirin | Anti HCV (Nucleotide analog) | RdRp inhibitor, premature termination of RNA replication | in silico [110] | NCT04276688, NCT04293887, NCT04306497 |
| Methylcobalamin | Vitamin B12 | NSP12 blocker, RdRp inhibitor indirectly | in silico [84] | NCT04407572 |
| Nelfinavir | Anti-HIV | Protease inhibitor | in vitro [111] | NR |
| Chloroquine | Anti-malaria | inhibit orf1ab, ORF3a, ORF10, ORF8 and envelope protein | in vitro [79] | (mentioned Table 2) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | Anti-malaria | Reduce replication | in vitro [79] | (mentioned Table 2) |
| Favipiravir | Anti-influenza (in Japan) | mRNA translation interruption [104], Envelope, and ORF7a protein inhibitor | in silico [109] |
61.21% recovery after 7 days on COVID-19 (ChiCTR2000030254) [112] |
| Ivermectin | Anthelmintic | Nucleocapsid protein inhibitor | in vitro [107] | NCT04343092, NCT04351347, NCT04345419, |
NR, Not Reported; HCV, Hepatitis C Virus; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; RdRp, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; HBV, Hepatitis B Virus; NSP,non-structural protein; ORF, Open Reading Frame