Table 2. Diseases associated with aberrations in efferocytosis pathways.
ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1; BAI1, brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1; C1qa, complement C1q subcomponent subunit A; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ELMO1, engulfment and cell motility protein 1; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LRP1, LDL receptor-related protein 1; LXR, liver X receptor; MFGE8, milk fat globule-EGF factor 8; MS, multiple sclerosis; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TIM4, T cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 4.
| Signal | Molecule | Pathology Associated | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systemic | |||
| Find-me | G2A | Autoimmunity | 205 |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate | SLE | 206 | |
| Eat-me | TIM4, MerTK | SLE | 159,207,208 |
| RAGE | Sepsis | 102,209 | |
| CD300f | Autoimmunity | 210 | |
| Integrins | Autoimmunity | 211 | |
| MFG-E8 | SLE; Autoimmunity | 212,213 | |
| Gas6 | GVHD | 190,214 | |
| Protein S | Autoimmunity | 215 | |
| SCARF1 | Autoimmunity | 216 | |
| C1qa | SLE | 217 | |
| Processing | LXRα/β | SLE; autoimmunity | 132 |
| PPAR | SLE | 132 | |
| ABCA1 | SLE | 218 | |
| Rubicon, Beclin-1, VPS34, ATG5, ATG7, ATG16 | SLE, anti-cancer immunity | 125,140 | |
| Central Nervous System | |||
| Find-me | Pannexin-1 | MS/EAE | 219 |
| Eat-me | BAI1 | Learning and memory | 220 |
| TREM2 | Alzheimer's disease | 126 | |
| MerTK | MS/EAE; Parkinson's | 221 | |
| Gas6 | Toxin-induced demyelination | 222 | |
| C1qa | Epilepsy | 223 | |
| Engulfment | GULP | Schizophrenia | 224 |
| Processing | LXRα/β | MS/EAE | 132 |
| Rubicon | Alzheimer's disease | 126 | |
| Eye | |||
| Eat-me | MerTK | Retinal degeneration | 221 |
| Processing | LXRα/β | Autoimmune uveitis | 211 |
| Liver | |||
| Eat-me | TIM4 | Ischemia reperfusion injury | 225 |
| Gas6 | Ischemia reperfusion injury | 226 | |
| Pancreas | |||
| Eat-me | MFG-E8 | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 167 |
| Testes | |||
| Eat-me | MerTK | Reduced fertility | 221 |
| Engulfment | ELMO1 | Testicular pathology | 227 |
| Lung | |||
| Find-me | P2Y2 | Allergic airway inflammation | 228 |
| Eat-me | RAGE | Fibrosis; Allergic airway inflammation | 102 |
| MerTK | Allergic airway inflammation | 221 | |
| CD36 | Lung injury | 194 | |
| Engulfment | RAC1 | Allergic airway inflammation | 229 |
| Cardiovascular system | |||
| Find-me | Pannexin-1 | Hypertension | 230 |
| CX3CR1 | Atherosclerosis | 231 | |
| Eat-me | BAI1 | Dyslipidemia | 137 |
| MFG-E8 | Atherosclerosis | 167 | |
| CD36 | Diet-induced obesity | 232 | |
| LRP1 | Atherosclerosis | 233 | |
| C1qa | Atherosclerosis | 234 | |
| SLC2A1 | Atherosclerosis | 235 | |
| Processing | DOCK180 | Cardiovascular pathologies | 236 |
| LXRα/β | Atherosclerosis | 237 | |
| PPAR | Atherosclerosis | 238 | |
| DRP1 | Atherosclerosis | 239 | |
| Kidney | |||
| Eat-me | Stabilin-1, Stabilin-2 | Glomerular fibrosis | 240 |
| Gas6 | Nephritis | 214 | |
| Engulfment | ELMO1 | Diabetic nephropathy | 227 |
| Gastrointestinal system | |||
| Find-me | G2A | IBD/Colitis | 241 |
| Eat-me | CD300f | IBD/Colitis | 210 |
| MerTK | Colon cancer | 221 | |
| Integrins | IBD/Colitis | 242 | |
| MFG-E8 | IBD/Colitis | 167 | |
| RAC1 | IBD/Colitis | 243 | |
| Skin, Muscle, Mucosal Tissue and Joints | |||
| Eat-me | RAGE | Muscle regeneration | 244 |
| C1qa | Wound healing | 182 | |
| MerTK | Arthritis | 101 | |
| Gas6 | Melanoma | 245 | |
| Integrins | Carcinoma | 242 | |
| CD36 | Wound healing | 194 | |
| Processing | DNase II | Polyarthritis | 187 |
| Engulfment | RAC1 | Arthritis | 243 |