Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 1092).
| Characteristics | Total n = 1092 n (%) |
SCZ patients n = 15 n (%) |
Non-SCZ patients n = 1077 n (%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic data | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) — year | 62.5 (51.0–76.0) | 66.0 (63.0–72.0) | 62.0 (51.0–76.0) | 0.345 |
| < 18 year | 19 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (1.8) | 0.714 |
| 18–65 year | 587 (53.8) | 7 (46.7) | 580 (53.9) | |
| > 65 year | 486 (44.5) | 8 (53.3) | 478 (44.4) | |
| Male sex — No. (%) | 593 (54.3) | 11 (73.3) | 582 (54.0) | 0.136 |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Smoker | 125 (11.5) | 5 (33.3) | 120 (11.1) | 0.021 |
| Weighta | 0.710 | |||
| Normal weight | 749 (68.6) | 10 (66.7) | 739 (68.6) | |
| Overweight | 128 (11.7) | 1 (6.7) | 127 (11.8) | |
| Obesity | 215 (19.7) | 4 (26.7) | 211 (19.6) | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Agueusia and/or anosmia | 184 (16.9) | 2 (13.3) | 182 (16.9) | 0.999 |
| Digestive symptoms (diarrhea and/or nausea or vomiting) | 250 (22.9) | 4 (26.7) | 246 (22.8) | 0.758 |
| Respiratory symptoms (cough and/or pharyngitis and/or dyspnea and/or hemoptysis) | 795 (72.8) | 11 (73.3) | 784 (72.8) | 0.999 |
| General symptoms (asthenia and/or headache and/or myalgia/arthralgia) | 532 (48.7) | 3 (20.0) | 529 (49.1) | 0.025 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 0.389 | |||
| 0 | 540 (49.5) | 8 (53.3) | 532 (49.4) | |
| 1–2 | 372 (34.1) | 3 (20.0) | 369 (34.3) | |
| ≥ 3 | 180 (16.5) | 4 (26.7) | 176 (16.3) | |
| Cancer | 62 (5.7) | 3 (20.0) | 59 (5.5) | 0.049 |
| Hypertension | 393 (36.0) | 0 (0.0) | 393 (36.49) | 0.003 |
| Myocardial infarction | 38 (3.5) | 1 (6.7) | 37 (3.4) | 0.412 |
| Congestive heart failure | 104 (9.5) | 2 (13.3) | 102 (9.5) | 0.647 |
| Chronic renal disease | 90 (8.2) | 1 (6.7) | 89 (8.3) | 0.999 |
| Asthma | 71 (6.5) | 1 (6.7) | 70 (6.5) | 0.999 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 57 (5.2) | 4 (26.7) | 53 (4.9) | 0.006 |
| Liver disease | 33 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (3.1) | 0.999 |
| Diabetes | 260 (23.4) | 1 (6.7) | 259 (24.1) | 0.138 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Fever (≥ 38 °C) | 680 (62.3) | 10 (66.7) | 670 (62.2) | 0.723 |
| Heart rate ≥ 100 beats/min | 174 (15.9) | 3 (20.0) | 171 (15.9) | 0.719 |
| Respiratory rate > 24 cycles/min | 229 (21.0) | 7 (47.7) | 222 (20.6) | 0.022 |
| Initial laboratory findings, median (IQR) | ||||
| White-cell count (×10−9/L) | 5.9 (4.5–7.8) | 6.2 (4.9–10.0) | 5.9 (4.5–7.8) | 0.270 |
| Platelet count (×10−9/L) | 205.0 (159.0–255.0) | 224.0 (184.0–277.0) | 204.5 (159.0–255.0) | 0.212 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 44.3 (9.2–101.1) | 52.0 (9.5–168.0) | 44.2 (9.2–100.7) | 0.378 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 98.0 (60.0–209.0) | 213.5 (134.5–340.0) | 98.0 (60.0–209.0) | 0.015 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 287.0 (219.0–385.0) | 324.0 (255.0–469.0) | 287.0 (219.0–385.0) | 0.355 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 37.0 (27.0–55.0) | 43.0 (35.0–59.0) | 37.0 (27.0–55.0) | 0.197 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 27.0 (19.0–41.0) | 30.0 (25.0–36.0) | 27.0 (19.0–41.0) | 0.571 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 4.5 (4.0–7.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.006 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 77.0 (62.8–98.0) | 83.1 (63.2–128.6) | 77.0 (62.8–98.0) | 0.437 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.0 (135.0–140.0) | 138.0 (135.0–140.0) | 137.0 (135.0–140.0) | 0.642 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 0.704 |
| COVID-19 treatment initiated at admission | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 584 (53.5) | 5 (33.3) | 579 (53.8) | 0.115 |
| Hydroxychloroquine–azithromycin combination | 399 (36.5) | 5 (33.3) | 394 (36.6) | 0.795 |
| Antiviral agents | 48 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 48 (4.5) | 0.999 |
| Immunosuppressors | 40 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (3.7) | 0.999 |
Symptoms and comorbidities based on the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases from the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information (PMSI) – French medico-administrative database based on diagnosis related-groups (DRG).
P-value in bold: statistical significance.
a
If body mass index (BMI) is 18.5 to < 25: normal weight; if BMI is 25.0 to < 30: overweight; if BMI is 30.0 or higher: obesity.