Figure 5 .

Manifest variable model of direct and indirect effects of SES on academic achievement. Standardized beta coefficients are reported for each path. Statistically significant (p<.05) paths are depicted as solid black lines; non-significant paths are depicted as grey dashed lines. Bold lines represent statistically significant indirect effects from SES to Reading and/or Math achievement. SES = Socioeconomic status. WM = Working Memory. Variance and covariance parameters are omitted but are reported in Supplemental Materials.