Table 1. Comparisons of demographics, serum chemistry, echocardiographic findings, and volume status between the groups according to the left ventricular abnormalities.
| Variables | Control patients with CKD5 (n = 35) | LVDD (n = 21) | LVH (n = 30) | LVDD+LVH (n = 49) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59.89±11.29 | 60.10±11.55 | 59.30±11.17 | 60.92±12.64 | 0.944 |
| <65 years | 21 (25.0%) | 14 (16.7%) | 20 (23.8%) | 29 (34.5%) | 0.874 |
| ≥65 years | 14 (27.5%) | 7 (13.7%) | 10 (19.6%) | 20 (39.2%) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 27 (33.3%) | 14 (17.3%) | 20 (24.7%) | 20 (24.7%) | 0.005 |
| Female | 8 (14.8%) | 7 (13.0%) | 10 (18.5%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 140.19±22.73 | 145.52±16.84 | 142.21±15.74 | 149.83±15.74 | 0.098 |
| DBP, mmHg | 83.32±11.54 | 79.14±10.33 | 77.90±8.61 | 79.96±9.78 | 0.178 |
| cBMI, kg/m2 | 23.44±4.11 | 25.24±4.09 | 24.06±4.38 | 24.08±4.20 | 0.497 |
| LAD, cm | 4.33±0.42 | 4.68±0.49 | 4.61±0.40 | 4.84±0.44 | <0.001 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 30.66±6.46 | 34.19±8.23 | 37.60±7.37 | 43.14±10.97 | <0.001 |
| E/e′ ratio | 11.60±2.53 | 17.35±1.31 | 13.01±1.96 | 21.00±5.27 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, cm | 5.09±0.56 | 5.34±0.43 | 5.53±0.53 | 5.47±0.48 | 0.002 |
| LVEDV, mL | 127.69±27.96 | 138.91±25.36 | 152.10±33.45 | 145.18±36.38 | 0.018 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 90.97±14.43 | 99.76±10.22 | 128.17±16.83 | 127.41±19.42 | <0.001 |
| RWT | 0.35±0.06 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.37±0.05 | 0.37±0.06 | 0.037 |
| LVEF, % | 63.13±4.73 | 62.67±5.56 | 63.87±6.26 | 63.39±5.01 | 0.878 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL* | 712 (293–6,334) | 886 (565–2,847) | 3,299 (1,186–7,305) | 7,413 (2,589–19,247) | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 1.62±2.88 | 0.54±1.05 | 0.95±2.74 | 1.76±3.74 | 0.395 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 228.17±114.92 | 315.63±198.96 | 285.31±137.79 | 282.15±168.87 | 0.190 |
| HbA1C, % | 7.22±2.08 | 7.21±2.14 | 6.63±1.10 | 6.91±1.41 | 0.514 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.45±1.35 | 9.30±1.26 | 9.03±1.33 | 8.85±1.13 | 0.165 |
| Total protein, g/dL | 6.30±0.86 | 6.54±0.86 | 5.87±0.70 | 5.88±0.71 | 0.002 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.54±0.58 | 3.78±0.51 | 3.29±0.55 | 3.20±0.51 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 143.57±41.61 | 140.19±36.00 | 148.35±41.03 | 152.10±44.38 | 0.671 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 39.24±14.64 | 36.57±13.04 | 39.14±11.56 | 38.55±12.54 | 0.887 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 76.00±35.44 | 76.57±30.59 | 85.52±36.45 | 87.32±38.83 | 0.446 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 143.00±71.47 | 138.43±56.35 | 127.45±48.31 | 129.33±45.65 | 0.617 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.04±0.88 | 8.21±0.98 | 7.59±1.02 | 7.57±0.85 | 0.012 |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 5.54±1.65 | 5.40±1.03 | 6.11±1.60 | 6.22±1.28 | 0.053 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 8.01±2.63 | 7.55±2.37 | 7.02±2.35 | 6.34±2.01 | 0.011 |
| OH, liters | 2.52±3.11 | 2.07±1.94 | 3.53±2.40 | 4.98±3.72 | <0.001 |
| OH/ECW, % | 12.88±14.37 | 11.71±10.70 | 18.57±9.60 | 25.06±14.25 | <0.001 |
| ECW/TBW | 0.49±0.04 | 0.50±0.04 | 0.51±0.03 | 0.54±0.04 | <0.001 |
* Kruskal–Wallis test; median (interquartile range).
cBMI, corrected body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECW, extracellular water; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide; OH, overhydration; RWT, relative wall thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBW, total body water.