Table 2. Comparisons of demographics, serum chemistry, echocardiographic findings, and volume status according to the OH/ECW tertiles.
| Variables | OH/ECW (%) | P-value | P for trend# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Age, years | 63.12±9.07 | 60.46±11.30 | 56.11±13.54 | 0.018 | 0.005 |
| <65 years | 24 (28.9%) | 25 (30.1%) | 34 (41.0%) | 0.063 | 0.038 |
| ≥65 years | 19 (39.6%) | 19 (39.6%) | 10 (20.8%) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 23 (29.1%) | 32 (40.5%) | 24 (30.4%) | 0.118 | 0.931 |
| Female | 20 (38.5%) | 12 (23.1%) | 20 (38.5%) | ||
| SBP, mmHg | 139.14±18.60 | 145.98±18.98 | 149.46±17.23 | 0.031 | 0.012 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77.11±8.99 | 81.07±10.00 | 82.48±10.95 | 0.039 | 0.027 |
| cBMI, kg/m2 | 25.03±3.62 | 24.87±4.41 | 22.37±4.05 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| LAD, cm | 4.46±0.43 | 4.64±0.45 | 4.75±0.49 | 0.017 | 0.001 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 32.05±8.32 | 36.89±8.12 | 42.11±10.56 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| E/e′ ratio | 14.72±4.09 | 15.18±4.72 | 18.81±6.36 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| LVEDD, cm | 5.22±0.44 | 5.50±0.62 | 5.40±0.49 | 0.048 | 0.124 |
| LVEDV, mL | 129.76±32.00 | 151.36±33.58 | 142.30±30.67 | 0.008 | 0.107 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 102.47±15.67 | 119.23±24.81 | 119.82±24.54 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| RWT | 0.34±0.05 | 0.36±0.06 | 0.37±0.06 | 0.164 | 0.029 |
| LVEF, % | 63.26±4.45 | 62.55±5.03 | 64.11±5.90 | 0.364 | 0.560 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL* | 632 (380–1,555) | 3,137 (1,056–7,350) | 8,025 (4,398–18,736) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.56±1.01 | 1.33±3.10 | 2.01±3.86 | 0.107 | 0.004 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 290.59±168.81 | 286.37±170.41 | 253.71±131.23 | 0.496 | 0.333 |
| HbA1C, % | 7.40±2.00 | 6.87±1.38 | 6.72±1.61 | 0.174 | 0.055 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.61±1.35 | 9.06±1.19 | 8.79±1.02 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Total protein, g/dL | 6.74±0.68 | 6.00±0.55 | 5.54±0.72 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.82±0.43 | 3.35±0.42 | 3.02±0.55 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 147.21±39.91 | 138.96±33.46 | 154.55±49.80 | 0.217 | 0.627 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 39.00±13.38 | 36.12±11.13 | 40.54±14.20 | 0.280 | 0.592 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 79.95±33.27 | 77.21±31.15 | 89.28±43.45 | 0.276 | 0.477 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 144.12±61.93 | 131.96±53.75 | 123.07±49.05 | 0.206 | 0.120 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.24±1.00 | 7.63±0.89 | 7.49±0.78 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 5.52±1.43 | 6.02±1.39 | 6.10±1.46 | 0.126 | 0.023 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 8.12±2.29 | 6.82±2.39 | 6.42±2.03 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| OH, liters | 0.52±0.76 | 2.96±0.76 | 7.12±2.81 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| OH/ECW, % | 3.24±5.03 | 17.01±3.29 | 34.37±7.44 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ECW/TBW | 0.47±0.03 | 0.51±0.02 | 0.56±0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
* Kruskal–Wallis test; median (interquartile range)
# P-values obtained by the linear-by-linear association method or Jonckheere–Terpstra test.
OH/ECW tertiles 1, 2, and 3 correspond to <10.60, 10.60–24.68, and >24.68%, respectively.
cBMI, corrected body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECW, extracellular water; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide; OH, overhydration; RWT, relative wall thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBW, total body water.