TABLE 2.
Descriptive characteristics by weight status in adults aged ≥20 y in the United States, 2009–20121
| Total | Underweight or normal weight (BMI <25) | Overweight (BMI 25 to <30) | Obese (BMI ≥30) | P-trend2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9601 | 2824 | 3190 | 3587 | |
| Age, y | 47.1 ± 0.5 | 44.1 ± 0.8 | 48.6 ± 0.4 | 48.4 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Sex, M, % | 49.9 ± 0.6 | 56.4 ± 1.3 | 43.1 ± 1.0 | 50.7 ± 1.3 | 0.003 |
| Race and Hispanic origin3 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 68.2 ± 2.6 | 70.5 ± 2.3 | 69.4 ± 2.8 | 65.1 ± 3.1 | 0.009 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 11.1 ± 1.2 | 8.7 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 1.2 | 15.0 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 15.6 ± 2.3 | 15.6 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Height, m | 169.1 ± 0.2 | 168.7 ± 0.3 | 169.9 ± 0.3 | 168.6 ± 0.3 | 0.85 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 0.1 | 22.2 ± 0.05 | 27.4 ± 0.04 | 35.6 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 82.3 ± 0.3 | 63.4 ± 0.3 | 79.3 ± 0.3 | 101.4 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Total water intake, mL | 3128.8 ± 38.4 | 2973.1 ± 55.8 | 3184.8 ± 48.3 | 3211.6 ± 57.9 | 0.002 |
| Urine osmolality, mOsm/kg | 613.8 ± 5.9 | 557.9 ± 9.5 | 611.2 ± 10.1 | 664.7 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypohydration,4 % | 37.6 ± 0.9 | 28.5 ± 1.4 | 37.3 ± 1.9 | 45.7 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity ≥150 min/wk, % | 63.8 ± 1.1 | 70.5 ± 1.6 | 65.9 ± 1.1 | 56.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Caffeine intake ≥400 mg, % | 11.3 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 11.8 ± 1.1 | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 0.01 |
| Alcohol intake, g | 12.0 ± 0.6 | 13.6 ± 1.1 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 0.002 |
| Energy intake, kcal | 2182.7 ± 13.6 | 2152.8 ± 27.0 | 2242.1 ± 23.6 | 2153.2 ± 21.6 | 0.99 |
| Diabetes, % | 10.5 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 18.9 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
1
All values are means ± SEs or percentages ± SEs. Data source: NHANES (26).
2
Linear trend across BMI categories was tested with the F-test statistic and adjusted for the survey design with the use of polynomial orthogonal contrasts.
3
“Other” category was included in the total sample but is not shown.
4
mOsm/kg ≥831 − [3.4 × (age − 20 y)].