Table 3. Comorbidities/mortality - the heart failure cause/solution.
Hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; LBBB: left bundle branch block; IVCD: intraventricular conduction delay; Bi-V: biventricular; IV: intravenous: intravenous immunoglobulin
| Comorbidity | Absolute Mortality (-) Harm | Ref | Cause | Solution |
| Renal Insufficiency % decrease per mL/m of creatinine clearance | -1% | [25] | Over diuresis | Stop diuresis |
| Bladder obstruction | Bladder scan urology consult | |||
| Neurogenic | Straight catheterization | |||
| Males – prostrate | Green-light vaporization | |||
| Females – pelvic floor | Straight catheterization | |||
| Medications | Stop offending agent | |||
| Decreased cardiac output | Increase cardiac output | |||
| RV failure or restrictive LV | Increase heart rate | |||
| Arrhythmia conduction | -11% | [26] | Atrial fibrillation | Rate or rhythm control |
| -19.4% | [27] | Ventricular tachycardia | Treat CHF – anti-arrhythmic | |
| Bradycardia – Heart block | Decrease blockers pacemaker | |||
| -3.1% | [28] | LBBB/IVCD | Bi-V pacemaker/Defibrillator | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | -25.6% | [5-7] | Obstructive sleep apnea | CPAP |
| Lung disease | Optimize medications – O2 | |||
| Diastolic dysfunction | Medications - increase HR | |||
| Valvular dysfunction | Valvular intervention | |||
| Pericardial disease | Medications or intervention | |||
| Anemia | -17.3% | [29] | Iron deficiency | IV iron therapy |
| Inflammation | Colchicine | |||
| Renal insufficiency | Erythropoietin therapy | |||
| Myelodysplasia | Erythropoietin therapy | |||
| Testosterone deficiency | Testosterone replacement | |||
| Vitamin deficiencies | Vitamin supplement | |||
| Infection | -.8% | [30] | Flu - viral illness | Immunizations |
| Bacterial Illness | Immunizations | |||
| Myocarditis Endocarditis | IVIG | |||
| Inflammation Hs-CRP | -32% | [31] | Abnormal immune response | Colchicine |
| Lymphatic dysfunction | Thoracic duct injury | Lymphedema boots | ||
| Inhibiting medications | Discontinue offending agent | |||
| Infection tissue injury | Treat and support | |||
| Edema | -6% | [32] | Dietary salt intake | Dietary management |
| Inflammation | ? | |||
| Iatrogenic medications | Remove agents | |||
| Lymphatic dysfunction | Lymphedema boots | |||
| Coronary disease | -28% | [33] | Recurrent myocardial infarction | Surgery; Colchicine |
| Ischemic mitral regurgitation | -20% | [34] | Annular dilation, LV geometry | Surgery |
| Diabetes II | -10.2% | [35] | Insulin excess; Lack of exercise; Excessive calories | Emplaglitizone; Exercise; Good nutrition |