TABLE 1. Average annual number of deaths and years of potential life lost attributable to excessive alcohol use,* by condition and sex — United States, 2011–2015.
| Cause | Alcohol-attributable deaths |
Years of potential life lost |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total† | Males no. (%) | Females no. (%) | Total† | Males no. (%) | Females no. (%) | |
|
Total†
|
93,296
|
66,519 (71.3)
|
26,778 (28.7)
|
2,683,211
|
1,899,089 (70.8)
|
784,121 (29.2)
|
|
Chronic causes
|
51,078 |
35,583 (69.7) |
15,495 (30.3) |
1,105,190 |
752,936 (68.1) |
352,253 (31.9) |
| Alcohol abuse |
2,591 |
1,986 (76.6) |
605 (23.4) |
66,839 |
49,129 (73.5) |
17,710 (26.5) |
| Alcohol cardiomyopathy |
510 |
432 (84.7) |
78 (15.3) |
12,235 |
10,136 (82.8) |
2,099 (17.2) |
| Alcohol dependence syndrome |
4,258 |
3,269 (76.8) |
989 (23.2) |
109,911 |
81,192 (73.9) |
28,719 (26.1) |
| Alcohol polyneuropathy |
3 |
3 (100.0) |
0 (—) |
54 |
54 (100.0) |
0 (—) |
| Alcoholic gastritis |
33 |
26 (78.8) |
7 (21.2) |
890 |
696 (78.2) |
194 (21.8) |
| Alcoholic liver disease |
18,164 |
12,887 (70.9) |
5,277 (29.1) |
467,996 |
313,897 (67.1) |
154,099 (32.9) |
| Alcoholic myopathy |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
| Alcoholic psychosis |
703 |
549 (78.1) |
154 (21.9) |
14,129 |
10,799 (76.4) |
3,330 (23.6) |
| Alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis |
278 |
214 (77.0) |
64 (23.0) |
8,284 |
6,247 (75.4) |
2,037 (24.6) |
| Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis |
52 |
38 (73.1) |
14 (26.9) |
1,507 |
1,046 (69.4) |
461 (30.6) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
329 |
228 (69.3) |
100 (30.4) |
2,943 |
2,084 (70.8) |
860 (29.2) |
| Cancer, breast (females only) |
584 |
NA |
584 (NA) |
11,203 |
NA |
11,203 (NA) |
| Cancer, colorectal |
996 |
898 (90.2) |
98 (9.8) |
15,540 |
14,016 (90.2) |
1,524 (9.8) |
| Cancer, esophageal§ |
494 |
430 (87.0) |
64 (13.0) |
8,038 |
7,007 (87.2) |
1,031 (12.8) |
| Cancer, laryngeal |
248 |
233 (94.0) |
15 (6.0) |
4,002 |
3,737 (93.4) |
265 (6.6) |
| Cancer, liver |
1,609 |
1,545 (96.0) |
64 (4.0) |
28,191 |
27,129 (96.2) |
1,061 (3.8) |
| Cancer, oral cavity and pharyngeal |
909 |
830 (91.3) |
79 (8.7) |
16,034 |
14,715 (91.8) |
1,319 (8.2) |
| Cancer, pancreatic¶ |
186 |
151 (81.2) |
35 (18.8) |
2,827 |
2,301 (81.4) |
526 (18.6) |
| Cancer, prostate (males only) |
188 |
188 (NA) |
NA |
1,952 |
1,952 (NA) |
NA |
| Cancer, stomach¶ |
58 |
56 (96.6) |
3 (5.2) |
943 |
897 (95.1) |
46 (4.9) |
| Chronic hepatitis |
2 |
2 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
42 |
36 (85.7) |
6 (14.3) |
| Coronary heart disease |
3,537 |
2,971 (84.0) |
567 (16.0) |
46,698 |
40,183 (86.0) |
6,515 (14.0) |
| Degeneration of nervous system attributable to alcohol |
145 |
118 (81.4) |
27 (18.6) |
2,617 |
2,030 (77.6) |
587 (22.4) |
| Esophageal varices |
112 |
77 (68.8) |
34 (30.4) |
2,414 |
1,711 (70.9) |
703 (29.1) |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome |
4 |
2 (50.0) |
2 (50.0) |
212 |
122 (57.5) |
90 (42.5) |
| Fetus and newborn affected by maternal use of alcohol |
1 |
1 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
76 |
76 (100.0) |
0 (—) |
| Gallbladder disease |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
| Gastroesophageal hemorrhage |
31 |
20 (64.5) |
10 (32.3) |
517 |
359 (69.4) |
157 (30.4) |
| Hypertension |
3,584 |
1,638 (45.7) |
1,946 (54.3) |
50,016 |
26,021 (52.0) |
23,994 (48.0) |
| Infant death, low birthweight** |
2 |
1 (50.0) |
1 (50.0) |
133 |
69 (51.9) |
65 (48.9) |
| Infant death, preterm birth** |
44 |
24 (54.5) |
19 (43.2) |
3,410 |
1,845 (54.1) |
1,565 (45.9) |
| Infant death, small for gestational age** |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
13 |
5 (38.5) |
7 (53.8) |
| Liver cirrhosis, unspecified |
9,801 |
5,696 (58.1) |
4,105 (41.9) |
197,875 |
114,580 (57.9) |
83,295 (42.1) |
| Pancreatitis, acute |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
| Pancreatitis, chronic |
15 |
12 (80.0) |
3 (20.0) |
317 |
252 (79.5) |
65 (20.5) |
| Pneumonia†† |
133 |
105 (78.9) |
29 (21.8) |
3,714 |
2,839 (76.4) |
875 (23.6) |
| Portal hypertension |
61 |
34 (55.7) |
26 (42.6) |
1,267 |
729 (57.5) |
538 (42.5) |
| Stroke, hemorrhagic |
938 |
565 (60.2) |
374 (39.9) |
14,497 |
8,856 (61.1) |
5,641 (38.9) |
| Stroke, ischemic |
342 |
243 (71.1) |
100 (29.2) |
3,867 |
2,837 (73.4) |
1,030 (26.6) |
| Unprovoked seizures, epilepsy, or seizure disorder |
134 |
112 (83.6) |
22 (16.4) |
3,987 |
3,352 (84.1 |
635 (15.9) |
|
Acute causes
|
42,218 |
30,935 (73.3) |
11,283 (26.7) |
1,578,021 |
1,146,153 (72.6) |
431,868 (27.4) |
| Air-space transport |
75 |
64 (85.3) |
11 (14.7) |
2,268 |
1,867 (82.3) |
401 (17.7) |
| Alcohol poisoning |
2,288 |
1,735 (75.8) |
553 (24.2) |
76,224 |
56,511 (74.1) |
19,713 (25.9) |
| Aspiration |
255 |
141 (55.3) |
114 (44.7) |
4,765 |
2,695 (56.6) |
2,070 (43.4) |
| Child maltreatment§§ |
148 |
87 (58.8) |
61 (41.2) |
11,000 |
6,294 (57.2) |
4,706 (42.8) |
| Drowning |
981 |
772 (78.7) |
210 (21.4) |
33,853 |
27,108 (80.1) |
6,745 (19.9) |
| Fall injuries¶¶ |
2,645 |
1,873 (70.8) |
772 (29.2) |
70,815 |
49,887 (70.4) |
20,927 (29.6) |
| Fire injuries |
457 |
274 (60.0) |
183 (40.0) |
10,950 |
6,491 (59.3) |
4,459 (40.7) |
| Firearm injuries |
337 |
284 (84.3) |
53 (15.7) |
12,917 |
10,768 (83.4) |
2,149 (16.6) |
| Homicide |
5,306 |
4,267 (80.4) |
1,039 (19.6) |
230,047 |
187,052 (81.3) |
42,995 (18.7) |
| Hypothermia |
296 |
194 (65.5) |
102 (34.5) |
6,199 |
4,354 (70.2) |
1,845 (29.8) |
| Motor-vehicle nontraffic crashes |
190 |
144 (75.8) |
47 (24.7) |
5,588 |
4,249 (76.0) |
1,339 (24.0) |
| Motor-vehicle traffic crashes*** |
7,092 |
5,522 (77.9) |
1,570 (22.1) |
323,610 |
245,447 (75.8) |
78,163 (24.2) |
| Occupational and machine injuries |
126 |
117 (92.9) |
9 (7.1) |
3,294 |
3,060 (92.9) |
234 (7.1) |
| Other road vehicle crashes |
170 |
137 (80.6) |
33 (19.4) |
5,632 |
4,473 (79.4) |
1,159 (20.6) |
| Poisoning (not alcohol) |
11,839 |
7,524 (63.6) |
4,315 (36.4) |
444,235 |
280,270 (63.1) |
163,965 (36.9) |
| Suicide |
9,899 |
7,711 (77.9) |
2,189 (22.1) |
332,791 |
252,674 (75.9) |
80,117 (24.1) |
| Suicide by and exposure to alcohol |
38 |
24 (63.2) |
14 (36.8) |
1,267 |
764 (60.3) |
503 (39.7) |
| Water transport | 75 | 65 (86.7) | 9 (12.0) | 2,566 | 2,189 (85.3) | 377 (14.7) |
Abbreviation: NA = not applicable.
* In the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact application (https://www.cdc.gov/ARDI), deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use include deaths from 1) conditions that are 100% alcohol-attributable, 2) deaths caused by acute conditions that involved binge drinking, and 3) deaths caused by chronic conditions that involved medium (>1 to ≤2 drinks of alcohol [women] or >2 to ≤4 drinks [men]) or high (>2 drinks of alcohol [women] or >4 drinks [men]) levels of average daily alcohol consumption.
† Numbers might not sum to totals, and row percentages might not sum to 100% because of rounding.
§ Deaths calculated for the proportion of esophageal cancer deaths caused by squamous cell carcinoma only, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data in 18 states (SEER18). https://seer.cancer.gov/.
¶ Deaths among those consuming high average daily levels of alcohol only.
** Alcohol consumption prevalence estimates calculated among women aged 18–44 years only.
†† Deaths among persons aged 20–64 years only because of the high number of deaths from pneumonia among persons aged ≥65 years that are not alcohol-related and the lack of relative risks that differ by age.
§§ Deaths among persons aged 0–14 years.
¶¶ Deaths among persons aged 15–69 years only because of the high number of deaths from falls among persons aged ≥70 years that are not alcohol-attributable and the lack of alcohol-attributable fractions that differ by age.
*** Deaths among persons of all ages. A blood alcohol concentration level of ≥0.08 g/dL is used for defining alcohol attribution for this condition.