Table 6. Results from a multivariable mixed effect logistic regression model assessing the association between a range of categorical animal, owner, practitioner and practice-related factors and the probability of prescribing a systemic highest priority critically important antimicrobial drug for cats, United Kingdom, 2014–2016*.
| Category | β | SE | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | ||||
| England | −2.79 | 0.21 | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) | NA |
| Scotland | −2.74 | 0.24 | 0.07 (0.04–0.10) | NA |
| Wales |
−2.55 |
0.24 |
0.08 (0.05–0.12) |
NA |
| Categorical factors | ||||
| Main presenting complaint | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| Gastroenteric | 0.55 | 0.25 | 1.74 (1.08–2.82) | 0.02 |
| Kidney disease | 0.59 | 0.12 | 1.80 (1.43–2.26) | <0.01 |
| Other unwell | 1.08 | 0.13 | 2.95 (2.28–3.81) | <0.01 |
| Pruritus | 1.50 | 0.14 | 4.47 (3.41–5.85) | <0.01 |
| Respiratory | 1.06 | 0.12 | 2.89 (2.27–3.67) | <0.01 |
| Trauma | 0.38 | 0.18 | 1.46 (1.04–2.03) | 0.03 |
| Tumor | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| Sex | 0.12 | 0.03 | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.01 |
| F | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| M | −0.06 | 0.02 | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | <0.01 |
| Vaccination status | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| Not vaccinated | −0.14 | 0.03 | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | <0.01 |
| Vaccinated | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| Insurance status | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.06 |
| Not insured | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| Insured | 0.21 | 0.07 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | <0.01 |
| Genetic breed group (31) | 0.14 | 0.04 | 1.16 (1.06–1.26) | <0.01 |
| West Europe | 0.11 | 0.32 | 1.12 (0.59–2.11) | 0.73 |
| Asian | 0.14 | 0.07 | 1.15 (1.00–1.33) | 0.06 |
| Crossbreed | 0.12 | 0.06 | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 0.07 |
| Accreditation status | ||||
| Not accredited | NA | NA | Referent | NA |
| >1 accredited site | 0.10 | 0.22 | 1.10 (0.72–1.69) | 0.65 |
| Continuous factors | ||||
| Age | ||||
| Linear | −0.23 | 0.03 | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) | <0.01 |
| Quadratic | −0.13 | 0.02 | 0.88 (0.85–0.90) | <0.01 |
| Cubic |
0.13 |
0.01 |
1.14 (1.11–1.17) |
<0.01
|
| Interaction terms | ||||
| Main presenting complaint and accreditation (accredited site) | ||||
| Kidney disease | 0.23 | 0.26 | 1.26 (0.76–2.08) | 0.37 |
| Other unwell | 0.21 | 0.13 | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) | 0.10 |
| Pruritus | 0.00 | 0.14 | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 1.00 |
| Respiratory | 0.23 | 0.15 | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | 0.12 |
| Trauma | 0.64 | 0.13 | 1.90 (1.46–2.47) | <0.01 |
| Tumor | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1.21 (0.83–1.75) | 0.32 |
| Male sex and age | ||||
| Linear age interaction | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.95 (0.87–1.02) | 0.17 |
| Quadratic age interaction | −0.09 | 0.02 | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | <0.01 |
| Cubic age interaction | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.32 |
*n = 19,018/111,139 sick consultations. Random effect variance (± SD): animal 0.68 (0.82, site 0.13 (0.36), practice 0.44 (0.66). Significant (p<0.05) results are displayed in boldface. NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.