Table 7. Plasmodium falciparum multidrug-resistance 1 haplotype frequencies in clinical trials of increased sensitivity to artesunate/amodiaquine despite 14 years as first-line malaria treatment, Zanzibar*.
| Haplotype | Study group |
p value† | p value‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002–2003, n = 161 | 2005, n = 156 | 2010, n = 92 | 2013, n = 87 | 2017, n = 140 | |||
| YYY | 31.1 | 20.5 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| YYD | 57.1 | 63.5 | 38.0 | 31.0 | 2.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| YFD | 0.0 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | NA |
| NYD | 11.2 | 7.1 | 26.1 | 27.6 | 58.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| NFY | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.25 | 0.46 |
| NFD | 0.6 | 4.5 | 16.3 | 32.2 | 38.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*Values are percentages unless indicate otherwise. NA, not applicable. †Comparing frequencies between all years by Fisher exact test. ‡Comparing frequencies between 2002–2003 and 2017 by Fisher exact test.