Figure 2.

γCDX abolishes the inhibitory effect of steroids with mixed effects at the NMDAR. Representative whole-cell responses of GluN1/GluN2B receptors to glutamate (1 mm) made after preapplication of ANDS for 15 s or to glutamate (1 mm) coapplied with γCDX (10 mm) after ANDS preapplication. ANDS was used at a concentration of 3 μm (top) or 10 μm (bottom). Right, Responses to glutamate (black) and to glutamate and γCDX (red) are overlaid to show the difference in their kinetics. Inset, Chemical structure of ANDS. The graph summarizes the potentiation (empty columns) and the inhibition (black columns) of peak NMDAR responses induced by preapplication of 3, 10, and 30 μm ANDS. Data are mean ± SEM. Potentiation was calculated according to the following formula: (c – a)/a × 100; and inhibition: (1 – (b/c)) × 100, where a is the peak response to 1 mm glutamate, b is the peak response to 1 mm glutamate after ANDS preapplication, and c is the peak response to 1 mm glutamate coapplied with γCDX after ANDS preapplication (see a-c in the raw data).