Table 2.
Operative findings
| Operative finding | A (n = 50) | B (n = 50) | C (n = 50) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation type | 0.124 | |||
| Appendectomy | 45 (90) | 49 (98) | 49 (98) | |
| Cecectomy | 5 (10) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Operation time (min) | 43.9 ± 16.2 | 45.3 ± 19.6 | 48.4 ± 33.0 | 0.392 |
| Open | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 8.4 ± 3.0 | 0.474 |
| Intra-abdominal | 23.9 ± 14.9 | 26.3 ± 17.5 | 27.5 ± 9.4 | 0.476 |
| Closure | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 11.2 ± 3.2 | 12.5 ± 4.7 | 0.209 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 0 (0–70) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–5) | 0.433 |
| Location of appendix | < 0.001a | |||
| Prececal or preileal | 5 (10) | 5 (10) | 21 (42) | |
| Subcecal | 31 (62) | 30 (60) | 15 (30) | |
| Retrocecal | 14 (28) | 12 (24) | 11 (22) | |
| Pelvic | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 3 (6) | |
| Severity of the inflammation | 0.751 | |||
| Early focal | 11 (22) | 18 (36) | 5 (10) | |
| Suppurative | 20 (40) | 28 (56) | 34 (68) | |
| Gangrenous | 8 (16) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Perforated | 11 (22) | 2 (4) | 10 (20) | |
| Perforation | 0.081 | |||
| None | 39 (78) | 48 (96) | 40 (80) | |
| Base | 4 (8) | 1 (2) | 5 (10) | |
| Middle portion | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Tip | 5 (10) | 1 (2) | 5 (10) | |
| Peritonitis | 0.287 | |||
| None | 32 (64) | 44 (88) | 37 (74) | |
| Localized | 17 (34) | 6 (12) | 12 (24) | |
| Generalized | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Fluid collection | 0.139 | |||
| None | 10 (20) | 22 (44) | 6 (12) | |
| Minimal | 31 (62) | 22 (44) | 28 (56) | |
| Moderate | 8 (16) | 6 (12) | 15 (30) | |
| Profuse | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Intraoperative complication | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | > 0.999 |
| Bleeding | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Small-bowel injury | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Conversion | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | > 0.999 |
| Drain placement | 11 (22) | 3 (6) | 10 (20) | 0.786 |
| Intervention of supervisor | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | > 0.999 |
Values are presented as number (%), mean±standard deviation, or median (range).
Open, measured time from skin incision to trocar insertion; intra-abdominal, measured time for appendectomy and specimen retrieval; closure, measured time for wound closure.
Residents: A, first; B, second; C, third year of training.
a
A vs. C, P<0.001; B vs. C, P=0.001.