| Stroke |
Ischaemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis |
MRI, ECG, EKG; blood test for coagulation factors, inflammatory markers |
Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, tissue plasminogen activator, intravenous thrombolysis |
Mao et al., 2020, Beyrouti et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020a, Li et al., 2020
|
| Seizure |
Generalized seizures, convulsions, tonic-clonic seizures, status- epilepticus |
MRI, CT scan, EEG; CSF for viral presence |
Anti-epileptic medication Levetiracetam, Clonazepam and Valproate |
Mao et al., 2020; Duong et al., 2020; Sohal and Mansur, 2020; Bernard-Valnet, 2020
|
| Encephalopathy |
Disorientation, confusion hallucinations, altered mental status, agitation, irritability, dissociated speech, lethargy |
MRI, EEG; CSF for viral presence |
Treatment for related problems such as seizures |
Mao et al., 2020; Poyiadji et al., 2020; Duong et al., 2020; Yin et al., 2020; Helms et al., 2020, |
| Encephalitis/meningitis |
Focal neurological defects, fever, headache, other neuropsychotic symptoms |
MRI, EEG; CRP levels for inflammation; CSF for viral presence |
Antivirals such as Acyclovir, Favipiravir, antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, and steroids |
Mao et al., 2020; Bernard-Valnet, 2020; Chaumont et al., 2020; Hayashi et al., 2020
|
| Anosmia and ageusia |
Reduction or loss of taste and smell, without nasal obstruction |
Self diagnosis |
Usually no treatment |
Mao et al., 2020; Lechien, 2020; Hawthorn, 2018; Fotuhi et al., 2020; Galougahi et al., 2020; Spinato et al., 2020
|
| Brain haemorrhage |
Intracranial blood loss, haemorrhagic rim enhancement in multiple parts of the brain |
MRI, CT scan; CSF for viral presence |
Intravenous immunoglobulin |
Mao et al., 2020, Poyiadji et al., 2020
|
| Myalgia, partial paralysis and/or Guillain-Barré syndrome |
Facial drooping, muscle weakness, diplegia/tetraplegia or hemiplegia; GBS-progressive, ascending, symmetrical flaccid limb paralysis, along with areflexia or hyporeflexia with or without cranial nerve involvement |
MRI, CSF evaluation, CPK levels for muscle tissue damage, test for anti-ganglioside antibodies, nerve conduction studies for demyelinating neuropathy evaluation |
Intravenous immunoglobulin, physiotherapy |
Wang et al., 2020b; Toscano et al., 2020; Sedaghat and Karimi, 2020; Oxley et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020a; Zhao et al., 2020; Camdessanche et al., 2020
|
