Table 3. Results of hypothesis testing of information transfer between leaders and followers.

Columns 3 and 4 report the results of one-sided two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with continuity correction ($p$-value and $W$ statistic) testing if the experimental dataset has significantly higher transfer entropy than the surrogate one. Columns 5 and 6 report the results of one-sided paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with continuity correction ($p$-value and $V$ statistic) testing, respectively, if the leader is significantly more informative than the follower and vice versa. Significant $p$-values are reported in bold.

Species	Behavioral pattern	$H_1: T_{L\to F}>T_{L\to F}^s$	$H_1: T_{F\to L}>T_{F\to L}^s$	$H_1: T_{L\to F}>T_{F\to L}$	$H_1: T_{F\to L}>T_{L\to F}$
T. rugatulus	Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=380\right)}$	$p=.51 \left(W=200\right)$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=209\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=1\right)$
	Pausing	$p=.21 \left(W=230\right)$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=388\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=0\right)$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=210\right)}$
	Pausing and Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=400\right)}$	$p=.7 \left(W=181\right)$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=207\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=3\right)$
C. formosanus	Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=289\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{.002}\left(W=226\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=153\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=0\right)$
	Pausing	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=272\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=272\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=138\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=15\right)$
	Pausing and Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=289\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=229\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=153\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=0\right)$
R. speratus	Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=380\right)}$	$p=.3 \left(W=220\right)$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=201\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=9\right)$
	Pausing	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=380\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=340\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=195\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=15\right)$
	Pausing and Rotation	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(W=380\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{.018}\left(W=278\right)}$	${\displaystyle \mathit{p}\mathbf{<}\mathbf{.001}\left(V=193\right)}$	$p=1.0 \left(V=17\right)$