Figure 8. Comparison of experimentally observed lever pressing (top displays) and action intensity produced by the model (bottom displays).

(A) Devaluation paradigm. Top displays replot data represented by open shapes in Figure 1 in a paper by Dickinson et al., 1995. Bottom displays show the average action intensity produced by the model across bins of 30 trials of the testing period. Simulations were repeated 10 times, and error bars indicate standard deviation across simulations. (B) Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. Top display replots the data represented by solid line in Figure 1 in a paper by Estes, 1943. Bottom displays show the average action intensity produced by the model across bins of 10 trials of the testing period. Simulations were repeated 10 times, and error bars indicate standard error across simulations.