Table 1.
Overview of Participant Characteristics and Test Resultsi
| Characteristic | Total Sample (N = 464) | Dementia Disorders (n = 86) | MCI (n = 135) | SCI (n = 77) | Healthy Controls (n = 166) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean +/− SD | 71 +/− 10 | 76 +/− 8 | 73 +/− 9 | 67 +/− 9 | 70 +/− 11 |
| (Min.-max.) | (39–94) | (55–94) | (49–91) | (39–85) | (50–91) |
| Female, n (%) | 217 (47) | 37 (43) | 59 (44) | 36 (47) | 85 (51) |
| Married or cohabiting, n (%) | 317 (68) | 60 (70) | 88 (65) | 51 (66) | 118 (71) |
| University educated, n (%) | 241 (52) | 32 (37) | 55 (41) | 33 (43) | 121 (73) |
| Clinical Cognitive Test Resulta | |||||
| MMSE, score | 28 (25–29) | 22 (20–25) | 26 (24–28) | 29 (28–30) | 29 (29–30) |
| Clock Drawing testb, score | 7 (6–7) | 4 (2–6) | 7 (6–7) | 7 (7–7) | 7 (7–7) |
| Verbal Fluency testc, score | 19 (13–24) | 11 (8–14) | 15 (12–19) | 21 (17–25) | 24 (20–29) |
| TMT Ad, passede, n (%) | 441 (97) | 73 (87) | 131 (99) | 72 (100) | 165 (99) |
| TMT Bf, passede, n (%) | 305 (68) | 12 (15) | 70 (53) | 68 (92) | 155 (93) |
| TUG Test Results | |||||
| TUG single-task, s | 11.5 (9.9–14.0) | 14.9 (12.5–16.9) | 12.6 (11.0–14.8) | 10.9 (9.7–12.4) | 10.1 (9.0–11.4) |
| (Min.-max.) | (6.1–29.9) | (7.9–28.5) | (7.4–29.9) | (7.9–26.5) | (6.1–24.1) |
| TUGdt NAg, s | 13.2 (10.7–16.1) | 16.7 (13.7–20.2) | 13.9 (11.8–16.7) | 12.1 (10.6–15.0) | 11.0 (9.8–13.8) |
| (Min.-max.) | (5.8–40.0) | (8.9–40.0) | (7.4–35.4) | (8.0–28.3) | (5.8–26.7) |
| TUGdt MBh, s | 13.3 (10.9–16.7) | 17.4 (14.4–22.2) | 14.2 (12.3–18.1) | 12.4 (10.9–15.0) | 11.1 (9.6–14.0) |
| (Min.-max.) | (6.1–55.0) | (9.4–55.0) | (7.4–44.4) | (8.0–28.9) | (6.1–25.8) |
| TUGdt NAg cost, % | 11.3 (3.3–21.7) | 13.1 (3.3–26.3) | 11.3 (2.9–19.0) | 11.7 (4.7–16.5) | 9.9 (2.7–23.0) |
| (Min.-max.) | (−18.7–148.7) | (− 10.5–148.7) | (−18.7–102.2) | (− 10.2–69.0) | (−10.2–100.5) |
| TUGdt MBh cost, % | 13.1 (3.4–28.9) | 16.3 (6.6–46.7) | 18.3 (3.1–31.2) | 7.5 (3.3–19.3) | 11.5 (3.1–23.8) |
| (Min.-max.) | (−21.6–293.9) | (− 18.7–293.9) | (−21.6–83.2) | (−9.0–114.3) | (−17.9–113.4) |
| TUGdt NAg, number of animals | 7 (5–8) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (6–8) | 8 (7–9) |
| (Min.-max.) | (0–15) | (0–10) | (0–10) | (2–12) | (3–15) |
| TUGdt MBh, number of months | 7 (4–9) | 4 (2–6) | 6 (4–8) | 8 (6–9) | 9 (8–11) |
| (Min.-max.) | (0–13) | (0–12) | (0–12) | (2–12) | (3–13) |
| TUGdt NAg, animals/10 s | 5.1 (3.3–6.8) | 2.5 (1.7–3.6) | 4.2 (3.0–5.6) | 5.3 (4.3–7.0) | 6.7 (5.7–8.3) |
| (Min.-max.) | (0–12.4) | (0–11.1) | (0–9.1) | (1.1–11.0) | (2.1–12.4) |
| TUGdt MBh, months/10 s | 5.5 (2.9–8.0) | 1.8 (0.9–3.2) | 4.3 (2.2–6.1) | 5.6 (4.3–8.0) | 7.8 (6.4–9.4) |
| (Min.-max.) | (0–14.0) | (0–8.8) | (0–9.3) | (1.0–14.0) | (2.9–13.3) |
MCI mild cognitive impairment, SCI subjective cognitive impairment, Min. minimum, Max. maximum, SD standard deviation, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TMT Trail Making Test, TUG Timed Up-and Go, TUGdt TUG dual-task, TUGdt NA Timed Up-and-Go dual-task naming animals, TUGdt MB Timed Up-and-Go dual-task months backwards
aParts of the diagnostic assessment
bMissing values, n = 4
cMissing values, n = 19
dMissing values, n = 9
eTest completed within 240 s and with a maximum of four errors
fMissing values, n = 14
gMissing value due to discontinuing, n = 1
hMissing values due to discontinuing, n = 6
iResults are presented as median (interquartile range) if not stated otherwise