Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of lipid metabolism engineering to improve triterpene production in Y. lipolytica. The strains without lipid manipulation possessed relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids and exhibited spherical cells (left). After regulating lipid metabolism, the unsaturated fatty acid content increased twofold, and an elongated cell morphology was obtained, facilitating lupeol efflux from the cell to the lipophilic solvent isopropyl myristate, thereby improving cell activity and the capacity for single-cell triterpene synthesis (right). AcCoA, acetyl coenzyme A; UFAs, unsaturated fatty acids; SFAs, saturated fatty acids; IPM, isopropyl myristate