Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics according to quartiles of non-HDL cholesterol.
| Characteristics | Quartile 1 (< 116.2 mg/dl) (n = 107) | Quartile 2 (116.2–143.9 mg/dl) (n = 107) | Quartile 3 (143.2–174.9 mg/dl) (n = 108) | Quartile 4 (≧ 174.9 mg/dl) (n = 107) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 66.6 ± 12.7 | 66.6 ± 12.0 | 66.1 ± 12.5 | 64.1 ± 11.9 |
| Male gender (%) | 62.6 | 65.4 | 65.7 | 55.1 |
| Smoking (%) | 33.6 | 64.6 | 60.6 | 32.7 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 53.3 | 51.4 | 61.1 | 67.3 |
| Hypertension (%) | 74.8 | 86.0 | 81.5 | 86.0 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 11.2 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 10.3 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 13.1 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 15.9 |
| Underlying disease of CKD (%) | ||||
| Diabetic kidney disease | 51.4 | 47.7 | 54.6 | 62.6 |
| Non-diabetic glomerular disease | 4.7 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 8.4 |
| Hypertension | 35.5 | 30.8 | 25.0 | 21.5 |
| Gouty nephropathy | 2.8 | 7.5 | 12.0 | 5.6 |
| Others | 5.6 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 1.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.9 | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 26.1 ± 4.1* | 25.8 ± 4.1* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.3 ± 22.8 | 139.2 ± 17.0 | 146.0 ± 22.9* | 144.6 ± 21.9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.7 ± 11.2 | 78.2 ± 10.6 | 82.3 ± 14.5* | 81.7 ± 14.5* |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 118.9 ± 45.7 | 118.4 ± 43.6 | 130.5 ± 62.0 | 138.9 ± 75.6 |
| HbA1C (%) | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 6.5 ± 1.4 | 7.1 ± 2.1† | 7.3 ± 2.0*† |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 94 (66–128) | 119 (92–166)* | 167.5 (119–237.75)*† | 200 (145–259)*†# |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 145.0 ± 25.1 | 175.7 ± 14.9* | 200.6 ± 15.5*† | 255.6 ± 37.9*†# |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 47.8 ± 18.0 | 44.9 ± 12.0 | 44.1 ± 13.1 | 44.9 ± 12.2 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 73.1 ± 18.4 | 96.1 ± 18.0* | 112.6 ± 19.4*† | 149.7 ± 35.4*†# |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 97.2 ± 16.5 | 130.8 ± 7.6* | 156.5 ± 8.2*† | 210.7 ± 34.5*†# |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.1 ± 2.3 | 11.8 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 2.2 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 24.0 ± 14.6 | 27.6 ± 13.5 | 25.3 ± 13.7 | 23.7 ± 13.4 |
| Total calcium (mg/dl) | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.8 |
| Phosphorous (mg/dl) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.9 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 69.2 | 55.7 | 72.9† | 77.6† |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin use (%) | 21.0 | 23.6 | 22.6 | 32.7 |
| ACEI and/or ARB use (%) | 66.7 | 76.4 | 78.3 | 72.1 |
| β-Blocker use (%) | 26.7 | 23.6 | 36.8 | 38.5* |
| Calcium channel blocker use (%) | 42.9 | 54.7 | 59.4 | 63.5 |
| Diuretics use (%) | 48.6 | 46.2 | 36.8 | 51.9 |
| Statin and/or fibrate use (%) | 22.9 | 19.8 | 29.2 | 32.7 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Overall mortality (%) | 20.6 | 9.3 | 22.2 | 20.6 |
| Cardiovascular mortality (%) | 8.4 | 2.8 | 11.1 | 7.5 |
The study patients were stratified into 4 groups according to quartiles of non-HDL cholesterol.
HDL high-density lipoprotein, CKD chronic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, LDL low-density lipoprotein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker.
*p < 0.05 compared with quartile 1; †p < 0.05 compared with quartile 2; #p < 0.05 compared with quartile 3.