Table 5:

Bacterial and viral isolates and the odds of radiological confirmed community-acquired pneumonia among children under five years of age

Bacteria	Cases n (%)	Controls n (%)	cOR (95%CI)	p-value	aOR* (95%CI)	p-value
S. pneumoniae
Present	44 (40.4)	151 (46.6)	0.8 (0.5 – 1.2)	0.258	-	-
Absent	65 (59.6)	173 (53.4)	1	-	-	-
H. influenzae
Present	50 (45.9)	136 (42.0)	1.2 (0.8 – 1.8)	0.477	-	-
Absent	59 (54.1)	188 (58.0)	1	-	-	-
S. aureus
Present	4 (3.7)	41 (12.6)	0.3 (0.1 – 0.8)	0.013	0.3 (0.1 – 0.9)	0.026
Absent	105 (96.3)	283 (87.4)	1	-	1	-
M. catarrhalis
Present	51 (46.8)	190 (58.6)	0.6 (0.4-1.0)	0.032	-	-
Absent	58 (53.2)	134 (41.4)	1	-	-	-
K. pneumoniae
Present	2 (1.8)	1 (0.3)	6.0 (0.5- 67.2)	0.143	0.8 (0.1 – 14.0)	0.907
Absent	107 (98.2)	323 (99.7)	1	-	1	-
S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae
Present	31 (28.4)	91 (28.1)	1.0 (0.6 – 1.6)	0.943	3.2 (1.1 – 9.5)	0.032
Absent	78 (71.6)	233 (71.9)	1	-	1	-
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis
Present	20 (18.3)	82 (25.3)	0.7 (0.4 – 1.1)	0.140	0.1 (0.04 – 0.5)	0.002
Absent	89 (81.6)	242 (74.7)	1	-	1	-
RSV
Present	22 (20.2)	9(2.8)	8.9 (3.9 – 20.0)	<0.001	8.4 (3.2 – 22.1)	<0.001
Absent	87(79.8)	315(97.2)	1		1
S. pneumoniaeand Influenza A
Present	2 (1.8)	11 (3.4)	0.5 (0.1 – 2.4)	-	-	-
Absent	107 (98.2)	313 (96.6)	1	-	-	-
Influenza A
Present	6(5.5)	12 (3.7)	1.5 (0.6 – 4.1)	0.418	-	-
Absent	103 (94.5)	312(96.3)	1	-	-	-
Influenza B
Present	2(1.8)	0	-	-	-	-
Absent	107(98.2)	324(100)	-	-	-	-

cOR: crude odds ratio

aOR: adjusted odds ratio

CI: confidence interval

^*Adjusted for age, sex, prior antibiotic use, day care attendance, WAZ, exclusive breast-feeding status, household crowding, cooking fuel and vaccination status