Table 2.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

	Inclusion
Concepts of interest	Studies that address all four key concepts (i) incontinence or continence, (ii) dignity or indignity, (iii) older people and (iv) facilities or services that provide long-term residential or inpatient formal care and support for day-to-day living.
Population and setting	Older people (aged 65 or over, or a majority with a mean age of 65) living in care settings that provide long-term residential or inpatient formal care and support for day-to-day living. These care settings are referred to as either care homes, nursing homes, long-term care homes, homes for the aged, aged care homes, assisted living facilities, and residential aged care facilities. In some countries, long-term residential or inpatient formal care is provided in acute or sub-acute care settings such as in hospitals, medical centres, and in rehabilitative or palliative care units.
Study types	Empirical studies (qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods), theoretical papers and reviews of empirical studies (systematic reviews, scoping reviews, integrative reviews or realist reviews) – published in English in any geographic location
Condition(s) or phenomenon of interest	Continence or incontinence. Incontinence could be urinary incontinence or faecal incontinence or both urinary and faecal incontinence. Perceptions and experiences of dignity and continence care
Intervention(s) of interest	Interventions to protect the dignity of older people with continence care needs in care home settings
Year of publication	2009–2019
	Exclusion
Concepts of interest	Studies that do not address all four key concepts: (i) incontinence or continence, (ii) dignity or indignity, (iii) older people and (iv) facilities or services that do not provide long-term residential or inpatient formal care and support for day-to-day living. Studies conducted on acute care wards where length of stay is typically brief were excluded.
Population and setting	Studies that relate to people younger than 65 years or conducted in participants’ home, or other community setting or if participants only attended the care home or facility on a daily basis and were not residents or inpatients.
Study types	Publications based on expert opinion, non-peer reviewed papers, non-full text papers including conference abstracts and/or publications in languages other than English
Condition(s) or phenomenon of interest
Intervention of interest	Medical interventions for the treatment of incontinence