Table 3.
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | S.E. | β | S.E. | β | S.E. | β | S.E. | β | S.E. | ||||||
Neighborhood poverty | |||||||||||||||
Early exposure (ages 15-23) | −0.724 | (0.332) | * | −0.501 | (0.344) | ||||||||||
Current exposure (approximately age 40) | −1.585 | (0.346) | *** | −0.969 | (0.428) | * | |||||||||
Life-course exposure (ref: consistently low neighborhood poverty) |
|||||||||||||||
Increasing neighborhood poverty | −0.495 | (0.121) | *** | −0.351 | (0.138) | * | |||||||||
Decreasing neighborhood poverty | −0.390 | (0.134) | ** | −0.336 | (0.138) | * | |||||||||
Consistently high neighborhood poverty | −0.466 | (0.130) | *** | −0.323 | (0.152) | * | |||||||||
Background characteristics | |||||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity (ref: non-Hispanic white) | |||||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic black | −0.200 | (0.105) | −0.110 | (0.114) | −0.061 | (0.110) | 0.027 | (0.119) | 0.003 | (0.115) | |||||
Latino | −0.263 | (0.128) | * | −0.176 | (0.134) | −0.179 | (0.130) | −0.088 | (0.137) | −0.131 | (0.132) | ||||
Age at 1979 | 0.001 | (0.019) | 0.002 | (0.019) | −0.001 | (0.019) | −0.003 | (0.019) | −0.003 | (0.019) | |||||
Female | −0.199 | (0.087) | * | −0.204 | (0.087) | * | −0.198 | (0.087) | * | −0.195 | (0.087) | * | −0.193 | (0.087) | * |
Receiving public assistance in 1978 | −0.151 | (0.284) | −0.144 | (0.284) | −0.108 | (0.287) | −0.108 | (0.285) | −0.096 | (0.286) | |||||
Nativity status (1 = native born) | −0.501 | (0.200) | * | −0.505 | (0.201) | * | −0.454 | (0.201) | * | −0.465 | (0.201) | * | −0.445 | (0.201) | * |
Parental education | 0.032 | (0.016) | * | 0.031 | (0.016) | * | 0.024 | (0.016) | 0.023 | (0.016) | 0.021 | (0.016) | |||
Number of siblings | −0.011 | (0.016) | −0.013 | (0.016) | −0.011 | (0.016) | −0.010 | (0.017) | −0.009 | (0.017) | |||||
Current socioeconomic status | |||||||||||||||
Number of weeks worked | 0.009 | (0.001) | *** | 0.009 | (0.001) | *** | 0.009 | (0.001) | *** | 0.009 | (0.001) | *** | 0.009 | (0.001) | *** |
Marital status (1 = married) | 0.351 | (0.092) | *** | 0.339 | (0.092) | *** | 0.308 | (0.093) | *** | 0.298 | (0.093) | *** | 0.293 | (0.093) | ** |
Logged income | 0.008 | (0.018) | 0.006 | (0.018) | 0.001 | (0.018) | −0.000 | (0.018) | −0.001 | (0.018) | |||||
Years of education | 0.185 | (0.021) | *** | 0.186 | (0.021) | *** | 0.177 | (0.021) | *** | 0.177 | (0.021) | *** | 0.174 | (0.021) | *** |
Constant | −1.042 | (0.487) | * | −0.944 | (0.490) | −0.522 | (0.503) | −0.477 | (0.503) | −0.365 | (0.507) | ||||
N | 5696 | 5696 | 5696 | 5696 | 5696 |
Notes: Self-rated health scored 1 = good/very good/excellent; 0 = fair/poor. Standard errors (S.E.) in parentheses
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05