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Schematic illustration. Metformin prevents cartilage degradation in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. Metformin activates AMPKα2/SIRT1 pathway, upregulates autophagy, and downregulates apoptosis in articular chondrocytes through the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. AMPK, 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1.
