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. 2020 Jul 30;10:12785. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69634-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immune cell-derived miR181b-5p and miR219-5p induced leptin mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (A) Mouse serum exosomal miRNA expression was profiled by a PCR array. miR219-5p, miR210-3p, and miR181-5p were undetectable in the serum exosomes of HFD-treated mice without elafin overexpression. These three miRNAs were detected in the serum exosomes of elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated mice only. Each group consists of 6 mice. (B) miR219-5p, miR210-3p, and miR181-5p expression in the circulating immune cells were significantly increased in the elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated mice, compared to HFD-treated mice without elafin overexpression. (C) The positive correlation between serum elafin levels and miRNAs (miR181b-5p and miR210-3p, but not miR219-5p) in the men with T2DM. (D) The negative correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and miRNAs (miR181b-5p and miR210-3p, but not miR219-5p) in men with T2DM. (E) The positive correlation between serum leptin levels and miRNAs (miR181b-5p and miR210-3p, but not miR219-5p) in the men with T2DM. (F) Oil red O staining of serum-starved 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 24-h exposure to elafin (10 ng/ml, no transfection), miRNA mimics (75 ng/ml via overnight transfection), or mouse serum exosomes (10 µg/ml). (G) Leptin, Cd36, and adiponectin mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 24-h exposure to elafin (10 ng/ml, no transfection), miRNA mimics (75 ng/ml via overnight transfection), and serum exosomes (10 µg/ml). Results were pooled from three independent experiments.